{"paper":{"title":"Cleaning graphene: comparing heat treatments in air and in vacuum","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Andreas Mittelberger, Clemens Mangler, Jani Kotakoski, Jannik C. Meyer, Kimmo Mustonen, Mukesh Tripathi, Toma Susi","submitted_at":"2017-04-26T09:40:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"Surface impurities and contamination often seriously degrade the properties of two-dimensional materials such as graphene. To remove contamination, thermal annealing is commonly used. We present a comparative analysis of annealing treatments in air and in vacuum, both ex situ and \"pre-situ\", where an ultra-high vacuum treatment chamber is directly connected to an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. While ex situ treatments do remove contamination, it is challenging to obtain atomically clean surfaces after ambient transfer. However, pre-situ cleaning with radiative "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.08038","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}