{"paper":{"title":"Above-bulk DC Kerr electro-optics at the water/ITO interface, resolved with the Pockels effect","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Akihiro Okada, Eiji Tokunaga, Kazuaki Nakata, Kyohei Yamashita, Soichiro Ashikaga, Takayoshi Kobayashi, Takumi Takayanagi","submitted_at":"2026-06-10T04:26:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"On a charged interface, broken inversion symmetry permits a large field-linear Pockels response through $\\chi^{(2)}(\\omega;\\omega,0)$; at the water/ITO interface $|r_{13}|$ has been reported to reach the $10^{2}\\,\\mathrm{pm/V}$ order. The coexisting third-order DC Kerr term $\\chi^{(3)}(\\omega;\\omega,0,0)$ -- small in bulk water ($|\\chi^{(3)}_{\\mathrm{bulk}}|\\sim5.5\\times10^{-21}\\,\\mathrm{m^2/V^2}$) -- had not been jointly parameterized with the Pockels term along the fundamental-frequency ($\\omega$) electro-optic path. Superimposing an AC modulation and a DC bias in 0.1\\,M NaCl mixes the $\\chi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.11647","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.11647/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}