{"paper":{"title":"Stability of dark solitons in a bubble Bose-Einstein condensate","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Dark solitons on a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate become unstable above a threshold in nonlinear strength and decay into vortex pairs through a single unstable mode for each angular momentum m at least 2.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.quant-gas","authors_text":"Arnaldo Gammal, Dmitry Pelinovsky, Lauro Tomio, Raphael Wictky Sallatti","submitted_at":"2025-11-06T14:09:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"The stability of nonlinear waves on curved surfaces is a problem of widespread interest across physics. Here, we establish the stability criteria for dark solitons on a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate. We demonstrate a sharp instability threshold in the nonlinear parameter, beyond which solitons decay into vortex dipoles via snake instabilities. Analytically and numerically, we prove this decay is dictated by a single unstable mode for each angular momentum $m \\geq 2$, which is a universal mechanism that controls the resulting vortex state. Unlike in the full three-dimensional case, where s"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Analytically and numerically, we prove this decay is dictated by a single unstable mode for each angular momentum m ≥ 2, which is a universal mechanism that controls the resulting vortex state.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The condensate is perfectly confined to an infinitesimally thin spherical shell so that the dynamics reduce to an effective 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the sphere; any finite thickness or radial excitations would alter the mode spectrum and possibly the instability threshold.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Dark solitons on a spherical bubble BEC remain stable only below a critical nonlinear parameter and decay into vortex dipoles via a single unstable mode for each m ≥ 2, unlike full 3D cases that produce vortex rings.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Dark solitons on a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate become unstable above a threshold in nonlinear strength and decay into vortex pairs through a single unstable mode for each angular momentum m at least 2.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"acd2c1398283e0e241288fb89aa7176f5338b3808ecc6ea6cf1363c374e32e7f"},"source":{"id":"2511.04385","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"b35f2803-9ac5-44e4-9a93-22a34a0df856","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:16:10.669760Z","strongest_claim":"Analytically and numerically, we prove this decay is dictated by a single unstable mode for each angular momentum m ≥ 2, which is a universal mechanism that controls the resulting vortex state.","one_line_summary":"Dark solitons on a spherical bubble BEC remain stable only below a critical nonlinear parameter and decay into vortex dipoles via a single unstable mode for each m ≥ 2, unlike full 3D cases that produce vortex rings.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The condensate is perfectly confined to an infinitesimally thin spherical shell so that the dynamics reduce to an effective 2D nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the sphere; any finite thickness or radial excitations would alter the mode spectrum and possibly the instability threshold.","pith_extraction_headline":"Dark solitons on a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate become unstable above a threshold in nonlinear strength and decay into vortex pairs through a single unstable mode for each angular momentum m at least 2."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2511.04385/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":55,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"For each angular modem, the threshold values [whereIm(ω m) = 0] ofεare given, withε m being the exact numerical results andεth m given by the analytical approxima- tion (16)","work_id":"0480e1cc-97a6-4e06-af83-21e0d5c58672","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2020,"title":"D. C. Aveline, J. R. Williams, E. R. Elliott, C. Dutenhof- fer, J. R. Kellogg, J. M. Kohel, N. E. Lay, K. Oudrhiri, R. F. Shotwell, N. Yu, and R. J. Thompson, Observation of Bose–Einstein condensates ","work_id":"feda6b69-a20d-45a1-81b1-aabf5a2126bb","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2022,"title":"R. A. Carollo, D. C. Aveline, B. Rhyno, S. Vishveshwara, C. Lannert, J. D. Murphree, E. R. Elliott, J. R. Williams, R. J. Thompson, and N. Lundblad, Observation of ultra- cold atomic bubbles in orbita","work_id":"cffd8879-3140-45ef-9668-b8d5eaef481e","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2001,"title":"O. Zobay and B. M. Garraway, Two-dimensional atom trapping in field-induced adiabatic potentials, Phys. Rev. Lett.86, 1195 (2001)","work_id":"1ecaf64e-bea5-4b22-ba60-68d69ac60848","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2004,"title":"Y. Colombe, B. Mercier, H. Perrin and V. Lorent, Loading adressedZeemantrapwithcoldatoms, J.Phys.IVFrance 116, 247 (2004)","work_id":"1d350a5c-297d-4f01-b693-fbc20e018a56","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":55,"snapshot_sha256":"d93d922740814f913a03ae27c3456713e835cdb5e393dd703a397f8386e472f7","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"73eb17ccd13f63491a163745f482126c835f4556e3db9512e43f8dcb3a2023ff"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}