{"paper":{"title":"Gradient flow for controlling quantum ensemble","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Herschel Rabitz, Ruixing Long","submitted_at":"2011-09-28T22:23:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose in this paper a gradient-type dynamical system to solve the problem of maximizing quantum observables for finite dimensional closed quantum ensembles governed by the controlled Liouville-von Neumann equation. The asymptotic behavior is analyzed: we show that under the regularity assumption on the controls the dynamical system almost always converges to a solution of the maximization problem; we also detail the difficulties related to the occurrence of singular controls."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1109.6364","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}