{"paper":{"title":"Guarded Equivalence Predicates for Scalable Formal Hardware Information-Flow Verification","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Liangtao Dai, Melika Morsali, Mircea R. Stan, Yimin Gao","submitted_at":"2026-06-20T14:25:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Formal hardware information-flow verification is a principled way to rule out secret-dependent functional or timing observations, but scaling such proofs remains difficult. Self-composition reduces information-flow verification to safety checking over two circuit copies, creating relational proof obligations that are hard for a generic PDR engine to discover from bit-level logic alone. Recent PDR-based techniques exploit this duplicated structure through copy symmetry and global cross-copy equivalence predicates. These predicates are effective when corresponding internal signals agree througho"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.22063","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.22063/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}