{"paper":{"title":"CO snow lines are stabilised by the vertical transport of volatiles","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Alfie Robinson, James E. Owen, Richard A. Booth","submitted_at":"2026-06-29T11:33:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Volatile evolution in protoplanetary discs determines the compositional evolution of forming planets. Below their sublimation temperatures, volatiles freeze out from the vapour phase onto dust grains in the disc and transition to being dynamically-coupled to the dust component as opposed to the gas. The boundary between the ice and vapour phases is referred to as the snow line, when thought of as the mid-plane radius at which the phase transition occurs, or the snow surface, when viewed as a 2D (radial and vertical) structure in the disc. We investigate whether the CO snow line (and therefore "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.30157","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.30157/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}