{"paper":{"title":"Flow reorganization and transport enhancement in two-dimensional horizontal convection near a density extremum","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Kaizhen Shi, Shengqi Zhang, Shijun Liao, Zhiyang Cai, Zhouxin Jiang","submitted_at":"2025-08-17T08:38:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Horizontal convection serves as a canonical model for geophysical and industrial flows. While the Oberbeck-Boussinesq approximation is well established, the impact of a nonlinear equation of state, specifically the density extremum of water near $4^\\circ\\mathrm{C}$, remains underexplored. Here we investigate this effect using two-dimensional direct numerical simulations over the Rayleigh number range $10^6 \\le Ra \\le 5\\times 10^{10}$. We examine four configurations, contrasting extremum (EXT) and monotonic (MON) buoyancy boundary conditions against linear (LENT) and nonlinear (NELT) equations "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2508.12289","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2508.12289/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}