{"paper":{"title":"Method for calculation of the beta exponent from the Heitler-Matthews model of hadronic air showers","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.IM"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Dariusz Gora, Darko Veberic, Henryk Wilczynski, Jan Pekala, Jaros{\\l}aw Stasielak, Kevin Almeida Cheminant, Markus Roth, Michael Unger, Nataliia Borodai, Ralph Engel, Tanguy Pierog","submitted_at":"2023-08-31T08:16:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"The number of muons in an air shower is a strong indicator of the mass of the primary particle and increases with a small power of the cosmic ray mass by the $\\beta$-exponent, $N_{\\mu} \\sim A^{(1-\\beta)}$. This behaviour can be explained in terms of the Heitler-Matthews model of hadronic air showers. In this paper, we present a method for calculating $\\beta$ from the Heitler-Matthews model. The method has been successfully verified with a series of simulated events observed by the Pierre Auger Observatory at $10^{19}$ eV. To follow real measurements of the mass composition at this energy, the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2308.16525","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2308.16525/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}