{"paper":{"title":"First observations of irregular surface of interplanetary shocks at ion scales by Cluster","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.SR","physics.geo-ph","physics.plasm-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.space-ph","authors_text":"David Burgess, Domenico Trotta, Luis Preisser, Primo\\v{z} Kajdi\\v{c}, X\\'ochitl Blanco-Cano","submitted_at":"2019-03-27T19:05:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the first observational evidence of the irregular surface of interplanetary (IP) shocks by using multi-spacecraft observations of the Cluster mission. In total we discuss observations of four IP shocks that exhibit moderate Alfv\\'enic Mach numbers (M$_A\\leq$6.5). Three of them are high-$\\beta$ shocks with upstream $\\beta$ = 2.2--3.7. During the times when these shocks were observed, the Cluster spacecraft formed constellations with inter-spacecraft separations ranging from less than one upstream ion inertial length (d$_i$) up to 100~d$_i$. Expressed in kilometers, the distances rang"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1903.11653","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}