{"paper":{"title":"Watershed vs. Region Growing for Individual Tree Segmentation from Airborne LiDAR: An Urban Case Study in Bologna","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.data-an"],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Aldo Canfora, Matteo Falcioni, Mirko Degli Esposti, Tommaso Rondini","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T15:15:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a LiDAR-based pipeline for the segmentation and structural characterisation of tall urban vegetation in Bologna. Starting from airborne LiDAR point clouds previously classified as high vegetation by a Random Forest model, we implement and compare two individual-tree segmentation strategies: a watershed algorithm applied to the Canopy Height Model and a point-wise region growing algorithm operating directly on the three-dimensional cloud. Over an area of 12 tiles covering the Talea district, the watershed method detects a larger number of trees (7589), dominated by short trees with a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.27018","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.27018/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}