{"paper":{"title":"COSMOS: A numerical relativity code specialized for PBH formation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-ph","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Albert Escriv\\`a, Chul-Moon Yoo, Daiki Saito, Hayami Iizuka, Hirotada Okawa, Koichiro Uehara, Masaaki Shimada, Taishi Ikeda, Tomohiro Harada, Yasutaka Koga","submitted_at":"2026-06-01T10:40:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Primordial black holes (PBHs) are black holes generated in the early universe without having gone through stellar evolution. In the standard formation process, PBHs are formed from super-horizon primordial fluctuations with non-linearly large initial amplitude. In order to simulate the non-linear gravitational dynamics of PBH formation, one has to rely on numerical relativity solvers to approximate the solution of the Einstein equations. COSMOS is a C++ package for solving the Einstein equations in 3+1 dimensions, providing simple tools for the simulation of PBH formation. In order to resolve "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.02053","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.02053/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}