{"paper":{"title":"Human--LLM Collaboration Is Transforming Complexity Metrics in Scientific Texts","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["nlin.AO"],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Blai Vidiella, Damian J. Ruck, Kai Li, R. Alexander Bentley, Senjuti Dutta, Sergi Valverde","submitted_at":"2026-06-25T13:58:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"While human language has long been studied as a complex system, Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming contributors to its dynamics. Because LLMs are trained on human language use, their effects on the broader human-AI linguistic ecosystem are likely subtle at first. As their use becomes more widespread, however, LLMs may alter emergent properties of language, particularly as models increasingly train on mixed human-LLM textual data. Here, we draw on complexity science to look for subtle LLM effects in millions of arXiv abstracts from 2010 to 2025. The year 2023, when LLMs rapidly b"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.27052","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.27052/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}