{"paper":{"title":"The electrical conductivity tensor of $\\beta$-Ga2O3 analyzed by van der Pauw measurements: Inherent anisotropy, off-diagonal element, and the impact of grain boundaries","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mtrl-sci"],"primary_cat":"physics.app-ph","authors_text":"Christian Golz, Fariba Hatami, Oliver Bierwagen, Vanesa Hortelano, W. Ted Masselink, Zbigniew Galazka","submitted_at":"2018-06-21T10:34:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"The semiconducting oxide $\\beta$-Gallium Oxide ($\\beta$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$) possesses a monoclinic unit cell whose low symmetry generally leads to anisotropic physical properties. For example, its electrical conductivity is generally described by a polar symmetrical tensor of second rank consisting of four independent components. Using van der Pauw measurements in a well-defined square geometry on differently-oriented high-quality bulk samples and the comparison to finite element simulations we precisely determine the ratio of all elements of the $\\beta$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ 3-dimensional electrical c"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.08162","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1806.08162/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}