{"paper":{"title":"Dynamical Formation of Black Holes due to Boundary Effect in Vacuum Gravity","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math-ph","math.AP","math.DG","math.MP"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Puskar Mondal, Shing-Tung Yau","submitted_at":"2025-11-12T17:46:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"We prove the dynamical formation of a marginally outer trapped surface in pure vacuum spacetime from smooth asymptotically flat Cauchy data which initially contain no MOTS. The mechanism is a boundary effect rather than a collapse mechanism. We work in a Cauchy--double-null framework and use Yau's boundary criterion \\cite{yau}, which gives the existence of an interior MOTS from a lower bound for the generalized boundary mean curvature relative to the Schoen--Yau radius of the domain. We construct an explicit class of vacuum initial data for which this criterion is strictly subcritical on the i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2511.09508","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2511.09508/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}