{"paper":{"title":"Two-Way Confidential VMs (2cVM): Collaborative Confidential Computing for Mutually Distrustful Parties","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Bruno Volckaert, Filip De Turck, Jordi Thijsman, Merlijn Sebrechts, Stefan Lefever","submitted_at":"2026-06-09T09:15:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Collaborative computation across organizations is often constrained by the need to process sensitive data and proprietary code without exposing them to untrusted infrastructure or participants. Cryptographic approaches such as fully homomorphic encryption and secure multi-party computation provide strong confidentiality but remain impractical for general workloads due to their extreme computational cost. We present the Two-Way Confidential Virtual Machine (2cVM), a two-layer architecture that pairs a hardware trusted execution environment with an intra-workload isolation layer. Unlike regular "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.10615","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.10615/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}