{"paper":{"title":"Separate and efficient characterization of state-preparation and measurement errors using single-qubit operations","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"A protocol using only single-qubit gates and repeated non-destructive measurements can separately characterize state-preparation and measurement errors with circuit depth independent of system size.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Leigh M. Norris, Lorenza Viola, Muhammad Qasim Khan","submitted_at":"2025-09-23T18:03:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"In many platforms, errors from state-preparation and measurement (SPAM) dominate over single-qubit gate errors. To inform further hardware improvements and the development of more effective SPAM mitigation strategies, it is necessary to separately characterize the error contributions from state-preparation (SP) and measurement (M). Here, we show how to construct a protocol that can efficiently and separately characterize the SP and M error parameters by using only high-fidelity single-qubit gates and repeated single-qubit measurements without reset. The measurements are assumed to be non-destr"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"We show how to construct a protocol that can efficiently and separately characterize the SP and M error parameters by using only high-fidelity single-qubit gates and repeated single-qubit measurements without reset. The circuit depth of the protocol is independent of system size.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"M errors are taken to be (spatially and temporally) uncorrelated and classical; measurements are assumed to be non-destructive.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A protocol for separate, efficient characterization of state-preparation and measurement errors via single-qubit operations with depth independent of system size.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A protocol using only single-qubit gates and repeated non-destructive measurements can separately characterize state-preparation and measurement errors with circuit depth independent of system size.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"64ade9db889d254eaf954c1675d247e7fa6fce00ccbcc418202a03d1f3bede97"},"source":{"id":"2509.19448","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"ff6d70c3-83bc-4870-9d11-855efeb84049","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T14:17:06.200892Z","strongest_claim":"We show how to construct a protocol that can efficiently and separately characterize the SP and M error parameters by using only high-fidelity single-qubit gates and repeated single-qubit measurements without reset. The circuit depth of the protocol is independent of system size.","one_line_summary":"A protocol for separate, efficient characterization of state-preparation and measurement errors via single-qubit operations with depth independent of system size.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"M errors are taken to be (spatially and temporally) uncorrelated and classical; measurements are assumed to be non-destructive.","pith_extraction_headline":"A protocol using only single-qubit gates and repeated non-destructive measurements can separately characterize state-preparation and measurement errors with circuit depth independent of system size."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.19448/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"8dd69f66aa64f126c70040ef3e3796232bd6cdb775e275443a29077453510ae6"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}