{"paper":{"title":"Effects of formation channels and gravitational lensing on stochastic gravitational wave background","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Xin-yi Lin, Zhengxiang Li","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T09:11:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Two primary formation channels for black holes have been proposed: the astrophysical channel, driven by the collapse of massive stars, and the primordial channel, involving their direct formation from density fluctuations in the early Universe. The key distinction between astrophysical black holes (ABHs) and primordial black holes (PBHs) is that PBHs can form at very high redshifts, before any stars have formed, leading to different stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs). These SGWBs arise from the superposition of unresolved gravitational-wave signals accumulated over all redshifts"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.18097","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.18097/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T23:41:59.189694Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T23:33:35.432208Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"1a07f8855e164a2b3b7286d680d0672cf9fcd3e3e948c55b9cf11523b3440e7f"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}