{"paper":{"title":"Pitfalls when observationally characterizing the relative formation rates of stars and stellar clusters in galaxies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"J. M. Diederik Kruijssen (Heidelberg), Nate Bastian (LJMU)","submitted_at":"2015-11-10T21:02:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Stars generally form in aggregates, some of which are bound ('clusters') while others are unbound and disperse on short ($\\sim10$ Myr) timescales ('associations'). The fraction of stars forming in bound clusters ($\\Gamma$) is a fundamental outcome of the star formation process. Recent observational and theoretical work has suggested that $\\Gamma$ increases with the gas surface density ($\\Sigma$) or star formation rate (SFR) surface density ($\\Sigma_{\\rm SFR}$), both within galaxies and between different ones. However, a recent paper by Chandar et al. has challenged these results, showing that "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.03286","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}