{"paper":{"title":"The energy production rate density of cosmic rays in the local universe is $\\sim10^{44-45}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ at all particle energies","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Abraham Loeb, Boaz Katz, Eli Waxman, Todd Thompson","submitted_at":"2013-11-01T20:00:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"The energy output (per logarithmic interval of particle energies) of Cosmic Rays (CRs) with energies $10{\\rm GeV}\\lesssim\\varepsilon_p\\lesssim100{\\rm GeV}$ is $\\sim 10^{47}\\rm erg$ per solar mass of star$-$formation, based on the CR production rate in the Milky Way and in starburst galaxies, implying a generation rate of $\\varepsilon_p^2Q\\sim 10^{45}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$ in the local universe. It is only $\\sim 10$ times larger than the output, $\\varepsilon_p^2 Q=0.5\\pm0.2\\times 10^{44}\\rm erg~Mpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}$, of Ultra High Energy CRs (UHECRs) at energies $10^{10.5}{\\rm GeV}<\\varepsilon_p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1311.0287","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}