{"paper":{"title":"Toponium: the smallest bound state and simplest hadron in quantum mechanics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ex"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Cheng-Ping Shen, Hui-Min Yang, Jing-Hang Fu, Yu-Bo Li, Yu-Jie Zhang, Yu-Ji Li","submitted_at":"2024-12-15T17:34:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"We explore toponium, the smallest known quantum bound state of a top quark and its antiparticle, bound by the strong force. With a Bohr radius of $8\\times 10^{-18}$~m and a lifetime of $2.5 \\times 10^{-25}$~s, toponium uniquely probes microphysics. Unlike all other hadrons, it is governed by ultraviolet freedom. This distinction offers novel insights into quantum chromodynamics. Our analysis reveals a toponium signal exceeding $5\\sigma$ in the distribution of the cross section ratio between $e^+e^- \\rightarrow b\\bar{b}$ and $e^+e^- \\rightarrow q\\bar{q}$ ($q=b,c,s,d,u$), based on 400~fb$^{-1}$ "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.11254","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.11254/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}