{"paper":{"title":"ML-MAWS: Alignment-Free Maximum Likelihood Phylogeny Estimation Using Minimal Absent Words","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","authors_text":"Anonnya Sarkar and, Md. Manzurul Hasan, Papri Saha, Sudipta Kumar Das","submitted_at":"2026-06-24T08:56:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Alignment-free methods in phylogenetic tree construction have major benefits in computational efficiency over alignment-based methods, but most sacrifice sequence information to pairwise distances, losing the statistical power of maximum likelihood (ML) inference. We describe ML-MAWS, an algorithm that fills this gap by encoding Minimal Absent Words (MAWs) as a binary presence/absence character matrix and estimating using an ML tree under the Lewis Mkv model using ascertainment bias correction. MAWs are obtained in linear time through the traversal of a suffix automaton. Three new elements con"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.25584","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.25584/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}