{"paper":{"title":"Revisiting boundary electromagnetic duality and edge modes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Keito Shimizu, Sotaro Sugishita","submitted_at":"2026-05-27T02:38:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"We revisit electric and magnetic surface charges and edge modes in four-dimensional Maxwell theory and QED on a spacetime with a finite spatial boundary. Using the S-wall, which implements electromagnetic duality, we clarify the dual structure of surface charges. We show that, for the standard Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions, large gauge transformations and the corresponding shifts of edge modes are gauge redundancies rather than physical boundary symmetries. We also consider singular large gauge transformations and interpret them as insertions of Wilson or 't Hooft loops on the boun"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.27870","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.27870/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}