{"id":"f09a3856-5992-4f34-ba21-268df8556635","arxiv_id":"2608.11278","paper_version":1,"verdict":"CONDITIONAL","confidence":"MODERATE","novelty_score":4.0,"correctness_risk":"medium","formal_verification":"none","parameter_count":0,"one_line_summary":"The authors provide OpenMP Fortran code that solves the rotating dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation in 2D and 3D using imaginary- and real-time propagation.","lead":"This paper releases two Fortran programs that simulate rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates by solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in 2D and 3D. The programs extend an established code family to a system first realized experimentally in 2022, giving theorists a ready-made simulation tool.","discovery_kind":"extension","skeptic_critique":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"The 2D code may still implement the 3D dipolar nonlinearity: the paper admits this error in prior 1D/2D programs but never states that the new imre2dXY-th.f90 fixes it, and the sample outputs are not converged.","rationale":"The reader's weakest assumption is exactly the load-bearing point: the admitted prior use of 3D nonlinearities in the 1D/2D dipolar programs creates a concrete, non-speculative risk that the new 2D rotating code inherits the same error. The paper gives no explicit statement that imre2dXY-th.f90 is corrected and no converged numerical benchmark, so the 2D central claim is not demonstrated. The 3D program is not affected by this particular concern, and the general numerical scheme is standard, so the overall verdict remains CONDITIONAL rather than REJECT or UNVERDICTED. A source inspection plus one quasi-2D benchmark would settle the question; until then, conditional acceptance is appropriate. I therefore keep the reader's verdict unchanged.","tokens_in":3744,"tokens_out":5536,"duration_ms":47181,"concrete_test":"In the program package, inspect the dipolar-potential routine called by imre2dXY-th.f90 and verify that it uses the 2D dipolar kernel appropriate for the quasi-2D reduction (including the correct Fourier-space multiplier for polarization perpendicular to the plane) rather than the 3D kernel used in Refs. [5,6,7]. Independently, run imre2dXY-th.f90 for a known quasi-2D dipolar BEC benchmark and compare the ground-state energy and density profile with an independent quasi-2D dipolar GPE solver; agreement within the declared numerical tolerance shows the correction was made, while disagreement identifies the persistent 3D kernel.","verdict_should_be":"UNCHANGED","load_bearing_attack":"The central claim requires imre2dXY-th.f90 to solve the 2D rotating dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation. That requires the dipolar term to be the correct 2D nonlinearity. The Summary of revisions explicitly states that the 1D and 2D dipolar programs in Refs. [5,6,7] 'erroneously used the 3D nonlinearities, in place of corresponding 1D and 2D nonlinearities, in numerical calculations.' The new paper does not explicitly state that the new 2D rotating program has been corrected, and the sample outputs are described as 'not fully converged numerically,' so they cannot validate the implementation. Because imre2dXY-th.f90 is the direct successor of those earlier erroneous 2D dipolar programs, the admitted prior error falls on exactly the part of the code that matters in 2D. The parenthetical that 'the corresponding arXiv archive versions do not have these errors' may cover the present package, but it is not explicit and is not supported by any code-level evidence in the paper. If the 3D kernel is still in use, the 2D results solve a different equation and the advertised 2D capability is unsound. The 3D program is less at risk because the 3D nonlinearity is the correct one there, so the burden is specifically on the 2D code.","agreement_with_reader":"agree"},"referee_report":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","summary":"This manuscript is a CPC program summary submission describing the package DBEC-ROT-PROGRAM, which contains OpenMP Fortran 90/95 programs (imre3d-th.f90 and imre2dXY-th.f90) to solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in three and two dimensions. The solution method is the split-step semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme with imaginary- and real-time propagation for stationary states and dynamics, respectively. The paper also explains the operational details of the package, including input parameters, Makefiles, and the optional Lee-Huang-Yang term in 3D. A notable part of the 'Summary of revisions' is the admission that earlier 1D and 2D dipolar programs in Refs. [5,6,7] erroneously used 3D dipolar nonlinearities, with the parenthetical claim that the arXiv versions of those programs are correct.","tokens_in":4009,"tokens_out":4171,"duration_ms":35096,"significance":"If the programs are correct, this submission serves a timely community need: after the 2022 experimental observation of vortices in a rotating dipolar condensate, a publicly available, parallelized solver for the rotating dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation is a useful resource. The manuscript is also transparent about some past errors in earlier code versions, which is commendable. However, the paper provides no numerical validation of the central claim: the sample outputs are explicitly not fully converged, no comparison with published rotating dipolar BEC results is included, and the admitted prior error in the 2D dipolar nonlinearity is not explicitly stated to be fixed in the new 2D program. These issues directly affect the credibility of the advertised 2D capability, so the current text does not establish that the programs solve the intended equations. The strengths are the clear algorithmic summary, the availability of the code and Makefiles, and the OpenMP parallelization; the weakness is the absence of verification.","major_comments":[{"comment":"The paper explicitly admits that the 1D and 2D dipolar programs in Refs. [5,6,7] 'erroneously used the 3D nonlinearities, in place of corresponding 1D and 2D nonlinearities, in numerical calculations.' However, it never states whether the new program imre2dXY-th.f90 in the present package uses the correct two-dimensional dipolar nonlinearity. Because imre2dXY-th.f90 is the direct successor of the erroneous 2D dipolar programs and the sample outputs are explicitly described as 'not fully converged numerically,' the manuscript does not currently establish that the 2D program solves the intended rotating dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Please add an explicit statement in the program description or readme.txt that identifies the dipolar term implemented in the 2D code, and provide a code-level check (e.g., the relevant subroutine) or a converged 2D test against a published rotating dipolar BEC result.","section":"Summary of revisions"},{"comment":"The 'Summary of revisions' states that the output examples 'are not fully converged numerically.' This is a serious omission for a program description paper, because the central claim is that the programs produce stationary states and real-time dynamics. Without at least one fully converged test case for both imre3d-th.f90 and imre2dXY-th.f90 (for example, the imaginary-time energy and chemical potential as functions of grid size and time step, compared with a known published value), a user cannot tell whether the algorithms and their implementations are correct. Please include such convergence tests in the output directory and report the resolved values in the manuscript.","section":"New version program summary / output"},{"comment":"The manuscript describes the problem and the solution method but does not specify how the dipolar term is discretized (for example, the use of FFT for the dipole-dipole convolution) or how the dipole orientation is defined in the 2D program. The text defers to Ref. [7] for details, but Ref. [7] is one of the references whose 2D nonlinearity is admitted to be wrong. The present manuscript should be self-contained about the 2D dipolar term so that readers and users can verify that the implementation matches the intended two-dimensional dipolar GP equation.","section":"Nature of problem / Solution method"}],"minor_comments":[{"comment":"In the sentence about grid points, 'NX, NY in 2D and NX, NY, NZ in 2D and 3D' contains a repetition; it should read 'NX, NY in 2D and NX, NY, NZ in 3D'.","section":"Summary of revisions"},{"comment":"The word 'bipasses' should be 'bypasses'.","section":"Summary of revisions"},{"comment":"The word 'consensates' should be 'condensates'.","section":"Reason for new version"},{"comment":"The phrase 'withfftw3.f03 and fftw3.mod' is missing a space between 'with' and 'fftw3.f03'.","section":"New version program summary"}],"recommendation":"major_revision","confidential_remarks":"The reader's stress-test concern about the 2D dipolar nonlinearity is well-founded and is the decisive issue in my assessment. The paper's own admission of an error in exactly the 2D dipolar term of earlier programs, combined with sample outputs that are not fully converged, leaves the central 2D claim unsubstantiated. This is fixable by an explicit code-level statement and at least one converged test, so major_revision is appropriate rather than reject. I also note that the program-summary format is very brief; the authors should be encouraged to add a short validation subsection even if it goes slightly beyond the usual format."},"author_rebuttal":null,"desk_editor":{"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","letter":"Colleague,\n\nThe genuinely new thing here is a pair of OpenMP Fortran solvers for the rotating dipolar Gross–Pitaevskii equation in 2D and 3D. That is a natural extension of a code family people actually use, and it is timely given the 2022 Klaus et al. vortex experiment. The code is on the CPC library, Apache licensed, and the input structure is inherited from well-tested programs. That is real value for a subfield.\n\nThe paper itself is thin, though. The main soft spot is the 2D dipolar nonlinearity. The summary of revisions openly admits that earlier 1D and 2D dipolar programs erroneously used 3D nonlinearities, and says the arXiv versions do not have those errors. But it never explicitly states that the new imre2dXY-th.f90 implements the correct 2D dipolar term. Given that this program is the direct successor of the erroneous ones, the ambiguity is not pedantry—if the 3D kernel is still in use, the 2D results solve the wrong equation. A one-sentence clarification would settle it.\n\nThe absence of numerical validation is the second issue. The sample outputs are explicitly not fully converged, and there is no benchmark against a known result, such as a vortex lattice from Klaus et al. For a software paper, that is a significant omission. The code might be perfect, but the paper gives the referee no evidence.\n\nOn the plus side, the authors are upfront about the earlier error, which speaks to honesty. The split-step Crank–Nicolson method is standard and well documented. The 3D program is less at risk because the 3D nonlinearity is correct there.\n\nVerdict: this deserves a serious referee, but not in its current form. The authors should add a converged benchmark and explicitly state how the 2D dipolar term is computed. With those, it is a solid, citable software note. Without them, the 2D claim is under-supported.","headline":"Useful OpenMP solvers for rotating dipolar BECs, but the 2D code's nonlinearity needs explicit confirmation and the paper lacks a converged benchmark.","tokens_in":4527,"tokens_out":2591,"would_cite":true,"duration_ms":21683,"reading_group":"maybe","serious_thinker":"yes","would_accept_peer_review":true},"rs_alignment":null,"lean_confirmation":null,"pith_extraction":{"msc":[],"pacs":[],"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","headline":"This paper presents OpenMP Fortran 90/95 programs that solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in two and three dimensions.","keywords":["dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate","rotating condensate","Gross-Pitaevskii equation","split-step Crank-Nicolson","OpenMP Fortran","vortices","Lee-Huang-Yang interaction","FFT solver"],"falsifier":"Open imre2dXY-th.f90 and check whether the dipolar potential is computed with the 2D kernel (e.g., the transverse integrated dipole-dipole interaction) or with the 3D kernel; then run the code with XDIPOLAR=0 and with a known analytical 2D non-rotating BEC ground state, and compare the dipolar energy term to a direct 2D quadrature. If the 2D program still evaluates a 3D nonlinearity, its 2D outputs are not solutions of the intended 2D equation.","tokens_in":3546,"feed_emoji":"🌀","tokens_out":6243,"duration_ms":47609,"temperature":0.7,"pith_summary":"This paper presents two OpenMP Fortran 90/95 programs, imre3d-th.f90 and imre2dXY-th.f90, that solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in three and two dimensions. The programs use a split-step semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme with imaginary-time propagation for stationary states and real-time propagation for dynamics, and include optional Lee-Huang-Yang repulsion in 3D. The release responds to the 2022 observation of vortices and vortex stripes in a dipolar condensate, giving theorists a ready-made tool to study rotating dipolar systems. The paper also records that earlier 1D and 2D dipolar programs used three-dimensional dipolar nonlinearities by mistake, and that the arXiv versions of those programs corrected this.","feed_headline":"OpenMP codes now model rotating dipolar BECs in 2D and 3D","feed_subtitle":"Fortran solvers use split-step Crank-Nicolson and imaginary-time propagation to capture vortex states.","key_machinery":"The split-step semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme is the core algorithm: the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation is discretized in space and time, with the nonlocal dipolar term evaluated via fast Fourier transforms, and the resulting discretized equation is marched in imaginary or real time. Imaginary-time propagation drives an initial Gaussian (optionally seeded with a vortex phase via the FUNCTION and RANDOM parameters) to the stationary ground or vortex state; real-time propagation then evolves that state to give dynamics. Input parameters live in MODULEs GPE_DATA and COMM_DATA, and FFT grid sizes are chosen as powers of two for speed.","core_discovery":"The paper claims that its two new programs solve the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate: imre3d-th.f90 in three dimensions and imre2dXY-th.f90 in two dimensions. The 3D program optionally includes the repulsive Lee-Huang-Yang interaction, and both programs can switch off the dipolar part with XDIPOLAR=0, leaving a nondipolar rotating condensate. Stationary states come from imaginary-time propagation and dynamics from real-time propagation, both using the split-step semi-implicit Crank-Nicolson scheme. The paper also documents that some earlier 1D and 2D dipolar programs mistakenly used three-dimensional dipolar nonlinearities, with the arXiv versions of those papers already corrected.","pith_inferences":["Editorial inference: if the 2D program uses the correct 2D dipolar kernel, the earlier published 1D and 2D dipolar results computed with 3D kernels may need quantitative revision; the paper notes the error but does not explicitly confirm the fix in this release.","Editorial inference: the vortex-seeding parameters (FUNCTION, RANDOM) should allow direct numerical comparison with the vortex and vortex-stripe structures observed in the 2022 rotating dipolar BEC experiment, a test the authors do not report here.","Editorial inference: a natural next step would be MPI or GPU versions; the current OpenMP-only implementation is limited to shared-memory scaling within a single node."],"forward_implications":["Users can obtain stationary vortex states and real-time vortex dynamics of rotating dipolar BECs directly from the provided programs and example outputs.","Setting XDIPOLAR=0 lets the same solver reproduce nondipolar rotating condensate results, giving a built-in consistency check against the wider rotating-BEC literature.","In 3D, enabling LHY=1 extends the solver to rotating dipolar condensates with Lee-Huang-Yang quantum-fluctuation corrections.","The OpenMP parallelization and power-of-two FFT grids make parameter scans on multicore workstations practical."],"supporting_citations":[{"why":"Recent experimental observation of vortices and vortex stripes in a dipolar condensate; motivates the rotating dipolar extension and gives target phenomena for the programs.","marker":"[10]"},{"why":"Previous OpenMP Fortran dipolar GP programs whose split-step Crank-Nicolson algorithm and input structure this version extends.","marker":"[11]"},{"why":"Prior dipolar GP Fortran and C programs that supply the numerical scheme, run instructions, and the dipolar nonlinearity conventions being revised.","marker":"[7]"},{"why":"Prior OpenMP programs for rotating nondipolar BECs that introduce rotation and vortex-seeding parameters reused here.","marker":"[8]"},{"why":"Original Fortran programs for the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation that establish the split-step scheme lineage.","marker":"[1]"}],"fun_headline_variants":["OpenMP Fortran codes solve rotating dipolar BECs in 2D and 3D","Simulate vortex states in rotating dipolar BECs with OpenMP Fortran","New OpenMP Fortran solvers for rotating dipolar BEC dynamics","2D/3D OpenMP Fortran for rotating dipolar BEC vortex states","OpenMP Fortran now handles rotating dipolar BECs in 2D and 3D"],"cache_read_input_tokens":3200,"weakest_assumption_plain":"The 2D program uses the correct two-dimensional dipolar nonlinearity rather than the three-dimensional one that earlier 1D and 2D dipolar programs mistakenly used.","fun_headline_variants_meta":{"raw":{"variants":["OpenMP Fortran codes solve rotating dipolar BECs in 2D and 3D","Simulate vortex states in rotating dipolar BECs with OpenMP Fortran","New OpenMP Fortran solvers for rotating dipolar BEC dynamics","2D/3D OpenMP Fortran for rotating dipolar BEC vortex states","OpenMP Fortran now handles rotating dipolar BECs in 2D and 3D"]},"model":"deepseek-v4-flash","effort":"low","cost_usd":0.000815,"raw_usage":{"total_tokens":3533,"prompt_tokens":866,"completion_tokens":2667,"prompt_tokens_details":{"cached_tokens":384},"prompt_cache_hit_tokens":384,"prompt_cache_miss_tokens":482,"completion_tokens_details":{"reasoning_tokens":2557}},"tokens_in":482,"tokens_out":2667,"duration_ms":43138,"temperature":1.0,"reasoning_tokens":2557,"cache_read_input_tokens":384,"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"cache_creation_input_tokens":0},"created_at":"2026-08-15T14:12:24.739281+00:00","model_set":{"reader":"deepseek-v4-flash"},"falsifier":"Open imre2dXY-th.f90 and check whether the dipolar potential is computed with the 2D kernel (e.g., the transverse integrated dipole-dipole interaction) or with the 3D kernel; then run the code with XDIPOLAR=0 and with a known analytical 2D non-rotating BEC ground state, and compare the dipolar energy term to a direct 2D quadrature. If the 2D program still evaluates a 3D nonlinearity, its 2D outputs are not solutions of the intended 2D equation.","supporting_citations":[{"cited_title":"Observation of vortices and vortex stripes in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate","cited_arxiv_id":"2206.12265","evidence_quote":"Recent experimental observation of vortices and vortex stripes in a dipolar condensate; motivates the rotating dipolar extension and gives target phenomena for the programs."},{"cited_title":"OpenMP Fortran programs for solving the time-dependent dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation","cited_arxiv_id":"2301.09383","evidence_quote":"Previous OpenMP Fortran dipolar GP programs whose split-step Crank-Nicolson algorithm and input structure this version extends."},{"cited_title":"Fortran and C programs for the time-dependent dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation in an anisotropic trap","cited_arxiv_id":"1506.03283","evidence_quote":"Prior dipolar GP Fortran and C programs that supply the numerical scheme, run instructions, and the dipolar nonlinearity conventions being revised."},{"cited_title":"C and Fortran OpenMP programs for rotating Bose-Einstein condensates","cited_arxiv_id":"1906.06327","evidence_quote":"Prior OpenMP programs for rotating nondipolar BECs that introduce rotation and vortex-seeding parameters reused here."},{"cited_title":"Fortran programs for the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation in a fully anisotropic trap","cited_arxiv_id":"0904.3131","evidence_quote":"Original Fortran programs for the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation that establish the split-step scheme lineage."}],"review_version":1}