{"work":{"id":"2900b415-082f-4e4e-ad2c-7cba94498108","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1853767801","doi":"10.1086/307221","arxiv_id":"astro-ph/9812133","raw_key":null,"title":"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae","authors":[{"given":"S.","family":"Perlmutter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Aldering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Goldhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. A.","family":"Knop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Nugent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P. G.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Deustua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Fabbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Goobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. E.","family":"Groom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I. M.","family":"Hook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. G.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N. J.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. R.","family":"Pennypacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Quimby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lidman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. S.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. G.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ruiz‐Lapuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. V.","family":"Filippenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Matheson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Fruchter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Panagia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H. J. M.","family":"Newberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"The Supernova Cosmology","family":"Project","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"authors_text":"Perlmutter, S","year":1998,"venue":"astro-ph","abstract":"We report measurements of the mass density, Omega_M, and cosmological-constant energy density, Omega_Lambda, of the universe based on the analysis of 42 Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project. The magnitude-redshift data for these SNe, at redshifts between 0.18 and 0.83, are fit jointly with a set of SNe from the Calan/Tololo Supernova Survey, at redshifts below 0.1, to yield values for the cosmological parameters. All SN peak magnitudes are standardized using a SN Ia lightcurve width-luminosity relation. The measurement yields a joint probability distribution of the cosmological parameters that is approximated by the relation 0.8 Omega_M - 0.6 Omega_Lambda ~= -0.2 +/- 0.1 in the region of interest (Omega_M <~ 1.5). For a flat (Omega_M + Omega_Lambda = 1) cosmology we find Omega_M = 0.28{+0.09,-0.08} (1 sigma statistical) {+0.05,-0.04} (identified systematics). The data are strongly inconsistent with a Lambda = 0 flat cosmology, the simplest inflationary universe model. An open, Lambda = 0 cosmology also does not fit the data well: the data indicate that the cosmological constant is non-zero and positive, with a confidence of P(Lambda > 0) = 99%, including the identified systematic uncertainties. The best-fit age of the universe relative to the Hubble time is t_0 = 14.9{+1.4,-1.1} (0.63/h) Gyr for a flat cosmology. The size of our sample allows us to perform a variety of statistical tests to check for possible systematic errors and biases. We find no significant differences in either the host reddening distribution or Malmquist bias between the low-redshift Calan/Tololo sample and our high-redshift sample. The conclusions are robust whether or not a width-luminosity relation is used to standardize the SN peak magnitudes.","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9812133","cited_by_count":15302,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-07-10T20:57:35.127804+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"astro-ph/9812133","created_at":"2026-05-08T18:38:59.823296+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-11T11:50:26.030339+00:00","title_quality_ok":true,"display_title":"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae","render_title":"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"2900b415-082f-4e4e-ad2c-7cba94498108","tier":"super_hub","tier_reason":"100+ Pith inbound or 10,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":147,"external_cited_by_count":15302,"distinct_field_count":10,"first_pith_cited_at":"2016-10-31T20:47:42+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-07-09T05:35:21+00:00","author_build_status":"needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-08-23T02:29:34.584745+00:00","tier_text":"super_hub"},"tier":"super_hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":51},{"context_role":"method","n":1}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":46},{"context_polarity":"support","n":4},{"context_polarity":"unclear","n":1},{"context_polarity":"use_method","n":1}],"runs":{"ask_index":{"job_type":"ask_index","status":"succeeded","result":{"title":"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae","claims":[{"claim_text":"We report measurements of the mass density, Omega_M, and cosmological-constant energy density, Omega_Lambda, of the universe based on the analysis of 42 Type Ia supernovae discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project. 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