{"work":{"id":"78e4fcf9-ed40-458e-8863-e9c4c1177346","openalex_id":null,"doi":null,"arxiv_id":"astro-ph/9912508","raw_key":null,"title":"Weak Gravitational Lensing","authors":null,"authors_text":"N","year":1999,"venue":"astro-ph","abstract":"We review theory and applications of weak gravitational lensing. After summarising Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmological models, we present the formalism of gravitational lensing and light propagation in arbitrary space-times. We discuss how weak-lensing effects can be measured. The formalism is then applied to reconstructions of galaxy-cluster mass distributions, gravitational lensing by large-scale matter distributions, QSO-galaxy correlations induced by weak lensing, lensing of galaxies by galaxies, and weak lensing of the cosmic microwave background. Contents: Introduction - Cosmological Background - Gravitational Light Deflection - Principles of Weak Gravitational Lensing - Weak Lensing by Galaxy Clusters - Weak Cosmological Lensing - QSO Magnification Bias and Large-Scale Structure - Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing - The Impact of Weak Gravitational Lensing on the Microwave Background Radiation - Summary and Outlook","external_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9912508","cited_by_count":null,"metadata_source":"pith","metadata_fetched_at":"2026-06-29T14:53:32.196477+00:00","pith_arxiv_id":"astro-ph/9912508","created_at":"2026-05-09T06:25:48.322708+00:00","updated_at":"2026-06-29T14:53:32.196477+00:00","title_quality_ok":false,"display_title":"Weak Gravitational Lensing","render_title":"Weak Gravitational Lensing"},"hub":{"state":{"work_id":"78e4fcf9-ed40-458e-8863-e9c4c1177346","tier":"hub","tier_reason":"10+ Pith inbound or 1,000+ external citations","pith_inbound_count":13,"external_cited_by_count":null,"distinct_field_count":4,"first_pith_cited_at":"2018-07-17T04:05:07+00:00","last_pith_cited_at":"2026-06-26T10:20:35+00:00","author_build_status":"not_needed","summary_status":"needed","contexts_status":"needed","graph_status":"needed","ask_index_status":"not_needed","reader_status":"not_needed","recognition_status":"not_needed","updated_at":"2026-06-29T17:19:08.482211+00:00","tier_text":"hub"},"tier":"hub","role_counts":[{"context_role":"background","n":3}],"polarity_counts":[{"context_polarity":"background","n":3}],"runs":{},"summary":{},"graph":{},"authors":[]}}