{"as_of":"2026-08-15T15:19:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:c3164379170eda95dc181f3f8e35f69afefb665bd5c2e9b24317cf4250f80fe9","coverage":[{"denominator":0,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":5,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":5,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":5,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":5,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:02:12.795703Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":1,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[{"count":71,"observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","source":"arxiv_reference"}],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.02957","last_updated":"2022-08-12T15:36:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T14:50:19.635446Z","submitted_at":"2022-08-05T02:48:26Z","title":"Meaning without reference in large language models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2208.02957","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:02:12.795703Z","title":"arXiv:2208.02957","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1960},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.15740","last_updated":"2025-01-27T03:06:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T19:26:18.474749Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-27T03:06:06Z","title":"Propositional Interpretability in Artificial Intelligence","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:02:12.795703Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2208.02957","citing_paper":"/paper/2501.15740"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1dd9727b31de103bd695e44a32e5cdbf6e2089f7aaa4762d016926acf8cef2f9","observation_id":"debb0473-fb28-45cd-a448-b0479a3698fe","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T14:02:12.795703Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.02957","last_updated":"2022-08-12T15:36:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T14:50:19.635446Z","submitted_at":"2022-08-05T02:48:26Z","title":"Meaning without reference in large language models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2208.02957","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:40:10.332311Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.10077","last_updated":"2025-07-15T00:08:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T19:42:31.579660Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-11T18:00:30Z","title":"A quantum semantic framework for natural language processing","version":2},"reference_index":82,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:40:10.332311Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2208.02957","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.10077"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1512e7baa0d0064ef845988a2e54e9b8ecc187017328b17faef2e80b6dd7c87a","observation_id":"cd0cc93f-44b1-49c3-a5bb-bdc6206761e1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T04:40:10.332311Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.02957","last_updated":"2022-08-12T15:36:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T14:50:19.635446Z","submitted_at":"2022-08-05T02:48:26Z","title":"Meaning without reference in large language models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2208.02957","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:11:33.357044Z","title":"A., Lal, V","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.19497","last_updated":"2025-06-24T10:35:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T17:29:32.125681Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-24T10:35:52Z","title":"The time course of visuo-semantic representations in the human brain is captured by combining vision and language models","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:11:33.357044Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2208.02957","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.19497"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ee374ea9e423d22c3d3104aaed67e70c41769770f7a9e0133832c177e5674387","observation_id":"b483ee8d-e651-4642-ad9b-b8f9f9a96932","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:11:33.357044Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.02957","last_updated":"2022-08-12T15:36:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T14:50:19.635446Z","submitted_at":"2022-08-05T02:48:26Z","title":"Meaning without reference in large language models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2208.02957","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:31:08.888897Z","title":"T., & Hill, F","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.05448","last_updated":"2025-07-07T20:02:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T03:25:30.504320Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T20:02:57Z","title":"On the Semantics of Large Language Models","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:31:08.888897Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2208.02957","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.05448"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d0d1d62d6f5d6a7e3b5c08616fb7cc4828b62a2680c3827010100ed1ce829984","observation_id":"0958d0dd-ef24-4601-95ec-5319bd7b07f5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:31:08.888897Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.02957","last_updated":"2022-08-12T15:36:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T14:50:19.635446Z","submitted_at":"2022-08-05T02:48:26Z","title":"Meaning without reference in large language models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2208.02957","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.02957","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2208.02957","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"and Hill, Felix , month = aug, year =","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"645f59fd-7c7d-4044-925a-d91347707735","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.30815","last_updated":"2026-06-29T18:42:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T19:50:48.405292Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-29T18:42:03Z","title":"When transformers learn \"impossible\" languages, what do they learn?","version":1},"reference_index":208,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-01T02:13:58.839175Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2208.02957","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.30815"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bb98df8c580007d55c273c87fe63e4e24b79a0ea50c480b37330b03b048043ef","observation_id":"452b3229-0bfa-4d07-85a3-671cf1c2bedd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T02:15:14.422694Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-15T06:32:39.529945+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2208.02957/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2208.02957/integrity","json":"/paper/2208.02957/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2208.02957"},"outbound":[],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.02957","last_updated":"2022-08-12T15:36:46Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T14:50:19.635446Z","submitted_at":"2022-08-05T02:48:26Z","title":"Meaning without reference in large language models"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":0,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":0,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":0},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-15T06:32:42.880941+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-15T06:32:39.529945+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 15 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2208.02957."}