{"as_of":"2026-08-09T06:55:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:6c969d210d0684837aa778246568fae366d8aa7029bd94321541f697cd7cac75","coverage":[{"denominator":0,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":33,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":33,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":33,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":33,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-08T16:46:58.485087Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":1,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[{"count":97,"observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","source":"arxiv_reference"}],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.09620","last_updated":"2026-05-19T19:24:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:28:16.998343Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-16T17:13:07Z","title":"AI-Augmented Surveys: Leveraging Large Language Models and Surveys for Opinion Prediction","version":4},"reference_index":87,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-24T08:47:23.231930Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2305.09620"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf508552ac79e16d4d8b28e02cecaedde5422eab385466e3a5901150091348d8","observation_id":"41694405-2dd8-47e8-ba1a-7c42b81e8e95","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-24T08:49:13.971759Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.05070","last_updated":"2024-08-20T19:14:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-07T18:21:17Z","title":"A Roadmap to Pluralistic Alignment","version":3},"reference_index":205,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-16T14:37:53.279275Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2402.05070"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a2c320461e0c4fe508fffa46fa6a15ced3d5bde8345e36c2d94705c36cfdcfd1","observation_id":"3bb0eabc-16d5-4814-8a1c-55251716325a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-16T14:37:53.503439Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T16:46:58.485087Z","title":"Nishant Subramani, Nivedita Suresh, and Matthew E Peters","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.06115","last_updated":"2025-02-10T02:49:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T16:40:17.812109Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-10T02:49:46Z","title":"Task-driven Layerwise Additive Activation Intervention","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-08T16:46:58.485087Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.06115"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cad172a7bd166c9eaf2711466732ed16e894191c88a119f56e63a9757ac53d23","observation_id":"bf016dbe-7264-4835-98f9-511b842736fb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-08T16:46:58.485087Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T21:50:02.983995Z","title":"Whose opinions do language models reflect? arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.17548, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.09369","last_updated":"2025-02-13T14:35:40Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T04:32:49.512116Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-13T14:35:40Z","title":"Language Agents as Digital Representatives in Collective Decision-Making","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T21:50:02.983995Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.09369"},"observation_digest":"sha256:20d6fdbe012c499634682a1da4077fe5173952f682e810571d24224b94ea706e","observation_id":"6c0208d2-dce4-4223-8d9b-8b062fee3328","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T21:50:02.983995Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:49:14.204156Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.17479","last_updated":"2025-05-23T05:05:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T09:47:27.062322Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-23T05:05:11Z","title":"Twin-2K-500: A dataset for building digital twins of over 2,000 people based on their answers to over 500 questions","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:49:14.204156Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.17479"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c41502db4a03180c1fde419b845e0084f5cd8716212b375fc70982c80e32abf6","observation_id":"3abe2516-0b18-487e-96fe-0ee2b5372429","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:49:14.204156Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:17:37.527442Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?, March 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.19402","last_updated":"2025-05-26T01:38:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T15:10:22.162332Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-26T01:38:02Z","title":"Recalibrating the Compass: Integrating Large Language Models into Classical Research Methods","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:17:37.527442Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.19402"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b9c0ae3d985f14c88b15eadb82e3a57872d49ffcb8a9c2897974269997eb691d","observation_id":"bec288b0-ee52-422c-ab3b-04bf92a2e887","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T14:17:37.527442Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:19:35.466430Z","title":"plu- ralistic alignment","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.05598","last_updated":"2025-06-05T21:23:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:11:30.043019Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-05T21:23:16Z","title":"SynthesizeMe! Inducing Persona-Guided Prompts for Personalized Reward Models in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:19:35.466430Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.05598"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c55081cdf835bccfcf2d0d04c714b9fad8dd236c6923a5c31d1ad5920cf9dcc2","observation_id":"3f027e81-5a0f-4b36-8ad7-a09fece87a93","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:19:35.466430Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T16:28:28.400353Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.13490","last_updated":"2025-07-17T18:56:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T16:21:07.545755Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-17T18:56:41Z","title":"Revisiting LLM Value Probing Strategies: Are They Robust and Expressive?","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T16:28:28.400353Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.13490"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7dc5741496e73c4a9f2fac798ad59ae9d362d6df9e928a185ec20aa3844455b4","observation_id":"079191d5-e633-46f3-8ebf-00d98b2042d3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T16:28:28.400353Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:10:57.624128Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Lan- guage Models Reflect?","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.21133","last_updated":"2025-07-22T14:13:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:16:41.660778Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-22T14:13:08Z","title":"Analysis of Threat-Based Manipulation in Large Language Models: A Dual Perspective on Vulnerabilities and Performance Enhancement Opportunities","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:10:57.624128Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.21133"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9b4ad9c3f7cc6aba5221ec36b83902022c0e2eb28882f9e6e014ca9b75ccd7a9","observation_id":"a62397ac-0309-498e-b400-4c80d70a68ec","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:10:57.624128Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.23009","last_updated":"2026-05-11T11:47:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T22:05:22.373440Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-30T18:14:35Z","title":"Position: Stop Evaluating AI with Human Tests, Develop Principled, AI-specific Tests instead","version":2},"reference_index":68,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-19T02:12:48.586913Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.23009"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e6aaf78b378c9b990d5bb4687b4594595c7e7b95ec035049df25627b3b561eca","observation_id":"a9901895-91c6-4ecc-8ee2-58da1dd47637","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-19T02:12:55.692889Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T10:25:54.493112Z","title":"Mrinank Sharma, Meg Tong, Tomasz Korbak, David Duvenaud, Amanda Askell, Samuel R Bowman, Newton Cheng, Esin Durmus, Zac Hatfield-Dodds, Scott R Johnston, et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2510.10002","last_updated":"2026-07-14T18:21:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T10:25:51.045268Z","submitted_at":"2025-10-11T04:06:07Z","title":"Interaction Protocol Shapes Moral Judgment in Multi-Agent Debate","version":3},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T10:25:54.493112Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2510.10002"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c2affcf1c3f0cde17a69fefde09be4f2e1c85c3c7b02e30572fe7354ee061b5a","observation_id":"7642c75f-f6cd-46bb-af0a-42e2bdd4bbcb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T10:25:54.493112Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T12:19:18.561042Z","title":"10 Albert Satorra and Peter M","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2601.03546","last_updated":"2026-06-28T18:57:20Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T03:33:03.832696Z","submitted_at":"2026-01-07T03:30:42Z","title":"Value-Action Alignment in Large Language Models under Privacy-Prosocial Conflict","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T12:19:18.561042Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2601.03546"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ca0510e0cf7a227557b0b5ea78e01321cc7595af12edcf67bedfb905acfd6178","observation_id":"3356ac9d-e564-4ab5-9ef4-201e67079726","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T12:19:18.561042Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:06:34.243099Z","title":"Nikhil Sharma, Q Vera Liao, and Ziang Xiao","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2603.03585","last_updated":"2026-05-26T03:43:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:06:32.653960Z","submitted_at":"2026-03-03T23:29:35Z","title":"Belief-Sim: Towards Belief-Driven Simulation of Demographic Misinformation Susceptibility","version":2},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:06:34.243099Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2603.03585"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0deaa2377fdb0feebc8990f8ec5b96cd99bc98901d392886cb94d55360d8f940","observation_id":"cf053998-d0d8-4909-ab34-28683f799a8c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T19:06:34.243099Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.19301","last_updated":"2026-04-21T10:06:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T19:44:01.957129Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-21T10:06:25Z","title":"Large Language Models Exhibit Normative Conformity","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T02:40:45.653583Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.19301"},"observation_digest":"sha256:096701af4dda29e4c20046cd583b3f8841119737c7e78f39b23237ad1b0b5f86","observation_id":"09e537ef-a10c-4430-ad0c-0023daeb180e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T12:51:05.630182Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.06196","last_updated":"2026-05-07T13:08:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:18:41.400741Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-07T13:08:19Z","title":"The Granularity Axis: A Micro-to-Macro Latent Direction for Social Roles in Language Models","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-08T10:11:08.494758Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.06196"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eb6f9e1c58256678f72791c23e3fdb5ab342a3893e35f79cde482fb39dde8731","observation_id":"b6f693a8-f986-4b12-8789-5b084b53cf44","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T20:11:08.815124Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.06915","last_updated":"2026-05-26T21:27:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T06:29:57.871113Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-07T20:25:02Z","title":"LLMs are not (consistently) Bayesian: Quantifying internal (in)consistencies of LLMs' probabilistic beliefs","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-11T00:53:49.859413Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.06915"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5396d3fde010cacd49f5a182568264d8a19a297723de227cc5311f907afe4d25","observation_id":"2369101d-dfbb-4f6b-a476-977fa22cc293","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T05:00:57.052109Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.06915","last_updated":"2026-05-26T21:27:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T06:29:57.871113Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-07T20:25:02Z","title":"LLMs are not (consistently) Bayesian: Quantifying internal (in)consistencies of LLMs' probabilistic beliefs","version":2},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-30T23:05:10.304156Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.06915"},"observation_digest":"sha256:54377bf876544633959277930bb2c7a577ccfdd5f8c421c9d8321810302dfdaa","observation_id":"b97ecb3c-f75b-48a8-bf90-a21bce9f8441","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T13:35:46.432198Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.10310","last_updated":"2026-06-19T14:35:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:22:18.704329Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T10:11:08Z","title":"Positive Alignment: Artificial Intelligence for Human Flourishing","version":2},"reference_index":171,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-15T05:56:56.902705Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.10310"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4dec493605c5e72c41290bf91a915d3af0bcdaa41307ae5d0070fa2693fdbb7e","observation_id":"12553557-1020-468b-934d-4ef5313d8027","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-15T05:59:47.879798Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.10843","last_updated":"2026-05-18T13:29:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:40:11.399992Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T16:55:16Z","title":"Training-Free Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models via Persona Disagreement","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-12T04:09:02.227491Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.10843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6b137a903fc77fd8e79a1795319bfe3f8171b49afb467ebfbbe2481b7d24d97a","observation_id":"ecba9a69-88c0-4506-a402-953f4b06774c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-12T06:36:25.387674Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.10843","last_updated":"2026-05-18T13:29:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T08:40:11.399992Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T16:55:16Z","title":"Training-Free Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models via Persona Disagreement","version":2},"reference_index":32,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-20T22:19:33.582024Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.10843"},"observation_digest":"sha256:94bd627c9895e06b9197da19a7ac45d19f69ec029595b25b648c568d836e4c4b","observation_id":"5752b952-dd5d-4dd7-b8f2-9ebad438023b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-20T22:23:48.481887Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.12288","last_updated":"2026-06-10T07:32:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:23:59.123377Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T15:44:33Z","title":"TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching","version":1},"reference_index":116,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-13T04:55:55.013900Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.12288"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a3c575f76804a766e6c6d0369db95aded8be7fb0522b3b6e8022e45b35dd2135","observation_id":"10884b19-6bc8-40a8-98de-c8e7d882807c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-13T04:57:17.240266Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.12288","last_updated":"2026-06-10T07:32:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:23:59.123377Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T15:44:33Z","title":"TokenRatio: Principled Token-Level Preference Optimization via Ratio Matching","version":2},"reference_index":116,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-15T05:41:10.714594Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.12288"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d96f926377d85c69f887344924410d12c587eaa9e4c2d4ceacf9c3edc40bdd88","observation_id":"888b70a3-f157-481f-a33d-98948c2f6bea","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-15T05:45:06.438503Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.13339","last_updated":"2026-05-18T11:15:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:24:57.051440Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T10:57:37Z","title":"Probing Persona-Dependent Preferences in Language Models","version":2},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-20T21:48:31.336745Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.13339"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff692feb2fd307d23213f884e263e608e0c2e1aa8d8df7fb047a6f37e7e47c01","observation_id":"480b9a33-c3bb-44b3-8416-c65f6cb02db6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-20T21:49:05.170384Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.22091","last_updated":"2026-05-21T07:32:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-01T15:31:41.605126Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-21T07:32:16Z","title":"Narrative Sharpens Gender Gaps: Surveying Film Characters with LLM Agents","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-22T04:48:04.646823Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.22091"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7df98c58ca53485c9a740212f780c65e2c0ee2285dfc92313b6748df71b768d2","observation_id":"5f0b29d7-7b45-4701-acfa-e36b400fdbc1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-22T04:51:05.838495Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-13T17:56:39.720418Z","title":"Smit, A., et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.00005","last_updated":"2026-03-26T20:38:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T00:30:59.637532Z","submitted_at":"2026-03-26T20:38:21Z","title":"Emergent Collaborative Deliberation in Multi-Model AI Systems: A BFT-Derived Protocol for Epistemic Synthesis","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-07-13T17:56:39.720418Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.00005"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e48aac94d71a9f58b5aedbc16cf5ec9a7abc67f47078c9fe5d6f90bbff618463","observation_id":"e2636489-93cd-489d-9be1-8a471c982b76","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T17:56:39.720418Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.09024","last_updated":"2026-06-08T04:44:51Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T19:15:51.106174Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-08T04:44:51Z","title":"Personal Salience: Highlighting Is Social, but Individuality Lives in Selection","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-27T15:02:19.466220Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.09024"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d23f70fce3657149c9a0ae958617776a7db699f935294f46409ee2706d888a47","observation_id":"23395dc4-686e-4692-84c7-ae4beb8e980e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-03T03:37:35.848199Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.09351","last_updated":"2026-06-08T11:25:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T19:46:21.160238Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-08T11:25:10Z","title":"In-Context Learning for the Imputation of Public Opinion Data with Large Language Models","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-27T16:29:03.226336Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.09351"},"observation_digest":"sha256:474544adc7a0feda04449dbc90613b9bddf7b23ff6621b92e77075626035e34e","observation_id":"0e2ae305-93b7-4906-840f-bfb76bff2f2a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-27T16:31:02.033558Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.12426","last_updated":"2026-05-12T08:14:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T01:54:30.818134Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T08:14:10Z","title":"Two Wrongs, No Right: Auditing Social-Desirability Bias in LLM Annotators for Computational Social Science","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-30T22:30:07.830390Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.12426"},"observation_digest":"sha256:847721f3030619af8bc0f645d241e8da80b2ce0b6ff5e4138904caf01c5dcc1a","observation_id":"c86620a6-c9be-476e-afa8-0fbe318d8e28","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T13:55:46.435773Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.17548","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Rohit Saxena and Frank Keller","venue":"arXiv (Cornell University)","work_id":"a43c5a75-ef7b-434a-9c62-8c890733fcfa","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.26104","last_updated":"2026-07-12T16:52:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T06:31:47.493102Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-30T23:59:56Z","title":"Assert, don't describe: Linguistic features that shift LLM reasoning about animal welfare","version":2},"reference_index":17,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-01T08:00:40.906200Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.26104"},"observation_digest":"sha256:05df81d628c77ed2ea455e6bf42e6215a5d003e77d6724564c461d59bccd7bce","observation_id":"1646e3aa-b8cb-48ab-96fc-9e5adfdda65c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T08:05:31.125189Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"crossref_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T23:50:09.138131+00:00","source":"openalex_status_cache"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-12T05:44:33.099337Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect? , publisher =","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.02972","last_updated":"2026-07-03T05:28:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T03:26:39.939878Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-03T05:28:43Z","title":"A Scalable Approach to Evaluating Moral Sensitivity in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":152,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-12T05:44:33.099337Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.02972"},"observation_digest":"sha256:28c16c8b1e39356233a49e1912b5c57eca047d5c8efd8c1a325677cdcabc734b","observation_id":"7740e35c-0f7a-444a-883b-72dcf6c293f3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-12T05:44:33.099337Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T06:23:48.159801Z","title":"Whose opinions do language models reflect? InInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.12796","last_updated":"2026-07-25T18:18:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T16:30:53.506949Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-14T14:12:05Z","title":"The One-Word Census: Answer-Choice Conformity Across 44 Language Models","version":2},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-02T06:23:48.159801Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.12796"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b86b523b08eb7d29fc5cda886e09f2bc713b3bda5924b9113973dbae2fad5e05","observation_id":"04740a66-b7bd-4838-ba7a-8088b8704d70","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-02T06:23:48.159801Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-31T23:52:12.446024Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.17548 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.23333","last_updated":"2026-07-25T19:11:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T00:37:21.399146Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-25T19:11:15Z","title":"Training with (Swap) Regret Loss in a Single-Layer Self-Attention Model: A Case Study on the Probability Simplex","version":1},"reference_index":248,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-07-31T23:52:12.446024Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.23333"},"observation_digest":"sha256:65853dca692433e9c1818cc7ebedcb5aab1d47f37ea8a64cddaa5a958ec30ac4","observation_id":"4ba39488-7509-402c-9fe1-2cbadc4ef1fa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-31T23:52:12.446024Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.17548","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-30T15:06:26.256009Z","title":"Philipp Schoenegger, Indre Tuminauskaite, Peter S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2607.26981","last_updated":"2026-07-29T14:38:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-01T23:40:05.957554Z","submitted_at":"2026-07-29T14:38:55Z","title":"OptimismBench: Forecasting Bias and the Alignment Effect in Language Model Judgment","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-07-30T15:06:26.256009Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.17548","citing_paper":"/paper/2607.26981"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4f4b9058bbac7e9b4ae81e84c33384e7ae9ad89ec15f10946f587a9540823ce7","observation_id":"92553389-a679-450d-84c1-c57087215f84","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-30T15:06:26.256009Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2303.17548/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2303.17548/integrity","json":"/paper/2303.17548/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2303.17548"},"outbound":[],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.17548","last_updated":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T15:10:12.213443Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-30T17:17:08Z","title":"Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":0,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":0,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":0},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 33 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2303.17548."}