{"as_of":"2026-08-09T22:04:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:29a73adf4f92d139c36e52b5c62f7a18b6be971449d7f9b3c309bac229bccc79","coverage":[{"denominator":0,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":24,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":24,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":24,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":24,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:51:12.304755Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2306.11644","last_updated":"2023-10-02T06:12:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-06-20T16:14:25Z","title":"Textbooks Are All You Need","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-13T04:44:03.148223Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2306.11644"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0c66368cf1e1d86dfcd8c4cb1ead18af23a3e5899e281aa18940e024dd1fdf87","observation_id":"9737fe0c-a109-4167-afa2-75f57c1140a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-13T04:44:03.178031Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:51:12.304755Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, context-free grammar","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.00500","last_updated":"2025-02-04T15:19:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:42:02.330645Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-01T17:40:11Z","title":"Video Latent Flow Matching: Optimal Polynomial Projections for Video Interpolation and Extrapolation","version":2},"reference_index":2022,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:51:12.304755Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.00500"},"observation_digest":"sha256:785bcd842c5500c8a811b61c65bd9d1e6614350ed5ee2411ceeb26bbf7ccff83","observation_id":"e3ca042b-d2f5-4015-b096-c463efc476b5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:51:12.304755Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T18:32:14.414281Z","title":"and Li, Y","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.10390","last_updated":"2025-07-08T18:20:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:23:47.910559Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-14T18:59:40Z","title":"(How) Can Transformers Predict Pseudo-Random Numbers?","version":2},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T18:32:14.414281Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.10390"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f9520d8bcf5072c78a2089dcc990a286f0e68f16073f0e0fc232f69f1f832025","observation_id":"0c0f718b-a69d-49e4-98b5-eeb8c8ed6d15","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T18:32:14.414281Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:50:54.016634Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.04374","last_updated":"2025-06-04T18:43:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:25:32.370031Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-04T18:43:23Z","title":"A Statistical Physics of Language Model Reasoning","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:50:54.016634Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.04374"},"observation_digest":"sha256:045cd5999e9140fbdc068bb7afe093ccad611c47c15c7db3a54ed7de6b5117ff","observation_id":"3eee5651-e97b-4df9-9dc3-1e8d810da519","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T10:50:54.016634Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:46:50.502926Z","title":"and Li, Y","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07109","last_updated":"2025-06-08T12:41:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:39.773914Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-08T12:41:18Z","title":"Towards Universal Offline Black-Box Optimization via Learning Language Model Embeddings","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:46:50.502926Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07109"},"observation_digest":"sha256:91983a9403adccac66db35cb26713f23be1ba580b577a08f9d280069795ed4c7","observation_id":"b8de66ac-afab-4682-88a5-9eb397a2530d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:46:50.502926Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T18:41:32.578522Z","title":"Ali, A., Schnake, T., Eberle, O., Montavon, G., M ¨uller, K.-R., and Wolf, L","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.07544","last_updated":"2025-07-10T08:38:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:48:31.516786Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-10T08:38:47Z","title":"Position: We Need An Algorithmic Understanding of Generative AI","version":1},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T18:41:32.578522Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.07544"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2cf6498c9c0010a765278b709f868772e94fe0fb702609174061720cea255a08","observation_id":"f34b4799-1788-4658-8736-e873b6ea4756","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T18:41:32.578522Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:54:32.373894Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.14777","last_updated":"2025-07-20T00:33:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:45:37.558605Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-20T00:33:19Z","title":"Rethinking Memorization Measures and their Implications in Large Language Models","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:54:32.373894Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.14777"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a35a41c57c2a971c7b1f48352a28092ceadabc848407ed044846ccb8035acd3b","observation_id":"d368c22f-7575-4753-99eb-25ca9ba6cef6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T15:54:32.373894Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T14:57:05.979008Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2509.22553","last_updated":"2026-05-27T16:30:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:41.665940Z","submitted_at":"2025-09-26T16:35:42Z","title":"Linear Causal Representation Learning by Topological Ordering, Pruning, and Disentanglement","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-04T14:57:05.979008Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2509.22553"},"observation_digest":"sha256:386ae59c4534a66f9f8009e600f9e9b52a991c20e8e3537c339b926a2a721f63","observation_id":"33624871-afa5-4a19-8ecf-49759c3a92c3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-04T14:57:05.979008Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T15:22:46.557334Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures.Transactions on Machine Learning Research, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2512.17351","last_updated":"2026-07-28T16:53:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T18:14:53.588030Z","submitted_at":"2025-12-19T08:47:28Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 4.1, Architecture Design and the Magic of Canon Layers","version":2},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T15:22:46.557334Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2512.17351"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b3fdb9460d12a08a610ad3f4649a282b406169d0227afa2296f64334e3cf1a38","observation_id":"ddbc3c9b-4155-4f2e-ba28-49affe60181c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T15:22:46.557334Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T14:02:56.624647Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, context-free grammar.arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13673,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2512.22088","last_updated":"2026-06-10T15:31:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:43:58.919201Z","submitted_at":"2025-12-26T17:20:09Z","title":"Unifying Learning Dynamics and Generalization in Transformers Scaling Law","version":3},"reference_index":2020,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-03T14:02:56.624647Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2512.22088"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2292d1400e4a2cb6a29cc90338f5f3cd0d198a91ed9142325b5ed6cb294e8434","observation_id":"2238377b-7dc9-4e3b-942f-31431af52c41","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-03T14:02:56.624647Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2601.14004","last_updated":"2026-04-14T03:49:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-31T09:24:49.481740Z","submitted_at":"2026-01-20T14:23:23Z","title":"Locate, Steer, and Improve: A Practical Survey of Actionable Mechanistic Interpretability in Large Language Models","version":4},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-16T12:39:57.398423Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2601.14004"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b6d00212947826d532a90e8184a019ebfb7f87856aa682c9b854f573c00b5acd","observation_id":"71f02f0c-2efb-48f1-a49e-56bb77c4408e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-16T12:40:54.841133Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.20811","last_updated":"2026-04-22T17:43:05Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T15:39:22.326148Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-22T17:43:05Z","title":"Diagnosing CFG Interpretation in LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T00:24:09.265532Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.20811"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7625eaff21fa8f854be8631785181064d39a25ef88800778ac5bfcaa29303898","observation_id":"1569eb33-6f0e-40e9-b350-70011fc882b0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-10T00:24:46.786731Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.23267","last_updated":"2026-05-18T09:56:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:09:29.537323Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-25T12:19:25Z","title":"Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning in Large Language Models: A Formal Language Learning Perspective","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-08T08:06:25.436395Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.23267"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6aa05e475fee16ed49be0d324da7d4c5c88552a119764fe25a4d3cf89bed4599","observation_id":"4f988323-a7d3-4d51-97b5-0fd31f045ede","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T20:46:12.572342Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.23267","last_updated":"2026-05-18T09:56:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:09:29.537323Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-25T12:19:25Z","title":"Fine-tuning vs. In-context Learning in Large Language Models: A Formal Language Learning Perspective","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-21T00:33:22.181383Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.23267"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fbf5ba58e56cab4e8fba9615c4c7fc5282bf525667fab040619fc47853de4db0","observation_id":"f39ae18a-9d35-4877-b0e8-702797868ee7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-21T00:33:52.642209Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.05495","last_updated":"2026-05-06T22:31:59Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:18:07.750358Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-06T22:31:59Z","title":"Shortcut Solutions Learned by Transformers Impair Continual Compositional Reasoning","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-08T16:42:08.322419Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.05495"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1aef1f0e4c321522090beb6c7ed67e545699a13303f8bcfee1adab63714fd169","observation_id":"b4665bcb-eff3-4473-b60b-c9e4fc7bd989","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T18:06:05.563177Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.05025","last_updated":"2026-06-03T15:48:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T23:48:49.542117Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-03T15:48:52Z","title":"Invariant Gradient Alignment for Robust Reasoning Distillation","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T06:56:05.310135Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.05025"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c486e907d96cbb664d364b46bef64902e61407d9b60ec64e6a841e4e1c1d1346","observation_id":"9dafe3f3-167a-4ec1-95e2-9c23edc5278d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-02T07:26:46.040681Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.07568","last_updated":"2026-05-26T02:19:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:47:10.030985Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-26T02:19:47Z","title":"A Systematic Study of Behavioral Cloning for Scientific Data Annotation","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-29T16:23:08.402194Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.07568"},"observation_digest":"sha256:59ecafcea853322630221dca4b0781b3badb831344b4473c8465e643388f6b46","observation_id":"7a25182f-193a-4102-9b11-13fe15ee4757","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-29T16:23:39.110636Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.08705","last_updated":"2026-06-07T16:03:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T10:14:38.045879Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-07T16:03:14Z","title":"Analyzing the Correlation Between Hallucinations and Knowledge Conflicts in Large Language Models","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-27T18:43:58.988270Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.08705"},"observation_digest":"sha256:acf000826f3376395b952e5216783c6a25d82b39319c7b8bbf1846e283e6f25c","observation_id":"87f5facb-c803-42bb-8a38-760a3c5b7121","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-02T22:37:26.432659Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.09822","last_updated":"2026-06-08T17:58:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T16:57:16.905542Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-08T17:58:36Z","title":"Causally Evaluating the Learnability of Formal Language Tasks","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-27T16:17:26.354663Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.09822"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3fbcf622be286515a4e9c72ed008904eb830a0355837b2f3b4c55d8cfa80b184","observation_id":"bbcbc1ab-15ae-4a34-96c6-35804c439029","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-03T01:47:31.724056Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.18164","last_updated":"2026-06-16T17:01:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-30T03:30:31.097644Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-16T17:01:57Z","title":"Learning Dynamics of Chain-of-Thought State Tracking in a Solvable Transformer Model","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-26T21:49:03.896740Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.18164"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ebd63b992b4fb70343b572f6480c03604a765423e3a1fe2a32b12d546a60e41c","observation_id":"b7b5681c-1e38-4f57-a062-fc67ff776331","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-03T23:39:05.201777Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.20347","last_updated":"2026-06-18T15:15:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T19:01:38.303561Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-18T15:15:57Z","title":"Critical Percolation as a Synthetic Data Model for Interpretability","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-26T17:41:29.317167Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.20347"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d1c6d7a28a5f537e0085243dd68dbfe29ded43c2cfe0896c5055a7d3fea1b51e","observation_id":"e343feee-c5fa-42b8-8765-e93834fa3a5c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.648278Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-04T03:49:29.646674Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures","venue":null,"work_id":"4c55171a-91be-43c4-9b1b-87eb87c6593d","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.29858","last_updated":"2026-07-10T15:59:05Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-15T23:18:26.051643Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-29T06:53:30Z","title":"Smooth Scaling Laws Hide Stepwise Token Learning","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-30T06:08:22.652557Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.29858"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e32793b323240152f8c8873e4716d33e6cfa35ecaf03e7b0505eb151fe672057","observation_id":"fc2ab983-7cd9-47c0-bbdb-e1f11afe5c54","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-06-30T08:14:26.566276Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-13T07:15:03.029543Z","title":"Physics of language models: Part 1, learning hierarchical language structures.arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13673, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.29858","last_updated":"2026-07-10T15:59:05Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-15T23:18:26.051643Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-29T06:53:30Z","title":"Smooth Scaling Laws Hide Stepwise Token Learning","version":2},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-07-13T07:15:03.029543Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.29858"},"observation_digest":"sha256:27a54aca7264baaae62b88abb00bc4fa2678cf58dd1f9ffe5a0cbe0188366b23","observation_id":"dc1451d3-f59b-4130-be5e-2f0dbf52c968","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-13T07:15:03.029543Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.13673","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T04:19:48.084542Z","title":"Karl Cobbe, Oleg Klimov, Chris Hesse, Taehoon Kim, and John Schulman","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.05148","last_updated":"2026-08-05T17:59:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T15:33:57.397099Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-05T17:59:44Z","title":"Reasoning Core: Designing Broad Procedural Data for Completion-Supervised Reasoning Training","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T04:19:48.084542Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.13673","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.05148"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5fef8a365ac364284a32aa98c1e9167ad208075c9d3b1dcf836082f865acdfef","observation_id":"8243ab9c-545c-4a64-ae57-1f679398626e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T04:19:48.084542Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2305.13673/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2305.13673/integrity","json":"/paper/2305.13673/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2305.13673"},"outbound":[],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.13673","last_updated":"2025-05-19T11:12:27Z","latest_version":4,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T23:24:12.994765Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T04:28:16Z","title":"Physics of Language Models: Part 1, Learning Hierarchical Language Structures"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":0,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":0,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":0},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:31:02.800959+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T06:30:57.326959+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 9 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 0 of 0 outbound references and 24 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2305.13673."}