{"as_of":"2026-08-13T19:52:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:076db53ef94832f03b9e45355a3575eebf288aa466762cce9d5da8123576a324","coverage":[{"denominator":121,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":100,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.594587Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":101,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":101,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":1,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.669333Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"pith","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.742556Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2411.10026","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.742556Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","venue":"cs.DC","work_id":"62eb172c-9438-46da-b9a5-204d5edaced2","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":120,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.669333Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2411.10026","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:27240f28be38a8213a0869b2e604229e4c30d827e2dc9cb58fde03ea06e1a280","observation_id":"6e03294e-7435-4eaa-9376-c6cfbfe7c23f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.746982Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2411.10026/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2411.10026/integrity","json":"/paper/2411.10026/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.171210Z","title":"Speed-security tradeo ffs in blockchain protocols,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.171210Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aeac64d7f046b56090da1f98a9ee47581cf31035581b283b4a75ee0c493272a6","observation_id":"bfdaf6df-612f-4c9b-b7ef-e7f8cab510f8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.171210Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.177458Z","title":"Security-Performa nce Tradeoff in DAG-based Proof-of-Work Blockchain Protocols,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.177458Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9730bfbc03797fec0190b14374c35875c36085a3f64413ba26e0abac2da6d66a","observation_id":"340f0eda-9d5c-4e3f-93db-ad65f69ecafb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.177458Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.182508Z","title":"The scalability trilemma in blockchain,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.182508Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:062d65bb5a88e4a9c7f4183cbf7cb7e6579a12a7ed735700ba8dd2ca357feabb","observation_id":"9ed73dc9-4bf6-44dd-af9e-a4c19ee4b0d4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.182508Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.187375Z","title":"Databases ﬁt for blockchain technology: A complete overvi ew,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.187375Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e1302d87af69d4ea17e7de0f6fa3086be205021337acc2245ffc6d4326802424","observation_id":"e10cc5bd-254e-4543-b342-50b6e8380202","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.187375Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.191874Z","title":"Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash s ystem,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2008},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.191874Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf96c34d23578f64ac6bb8dfde448561a9ab1fbc7affdc60b7d5716876c842de","observation_id":"d6c9a131-a223-411e-b6c1-2eaf8c087566","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.191874Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.196215Z","title":"The hashgraph protocol: Efﬁcient asyn- chronous BFT for high-throughput distributed ledgers,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.196215Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e78547921117cbfbdadce9b8ebdef4604e5611b7953984e0a028494840270ece","observation_id":"95b13003-214c-4a6c-9926-b1fc3e3771f6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.196215Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.201440Z","title":"The tangle,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.201440Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:61969d3c2b334d0cf803d0f0ac9e46b95083195061437acf5dd06fc981843ec2","observation_id":"4c494e27-1018-48fb-81b8-ee03d7e08e23","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.201440Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.205385Z","title":"Sok: Dag-based bloc kchain systems,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.205385Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0e934b33e9ddd93175802bc532d8a49d6b60d2470213e8bb29456eac3a75d6ed","observation_id":"d4741463-7505-4041-9854-15a755d31bd9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.205385Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.209451Z","title":"A survey on consensus algori thms of blockchain based on dag,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.209451Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:04699b9a5adccd4147aa3e99b23e04986792cdf11a7eeb05a3c16d2b38f4db67","observation_id":"30e264c3-dfde-477f-8f57-41bd49ff2c5f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.209451Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.213950Z","title":"SOK: a comprehensive survey on distributed ledger technologies ,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.213950Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:af5c661587639a218f0b5e597d25b2635ae625e195ee6aa7e577ad07c278b20f","observation_id":"1f7027cd-cf5c-4f3c-8d46-b9839ab82904","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.213950Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1906.00861","last_updated":"2020-02-04T17:22:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T07:57:32.030864Z","submitted_at":"2019-06-03T15:16:34Z","title":"Mind the Gap: Trade-Offs between Distributed Ledger Technology Characteristics","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1906.00861","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1906.00861","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.407709Z","title":"Mind the Gap: Trade-Offs between Distributed Ledger Technology Characteristics","venue":"cs.CR","work_id":"903eacca-9619-4ebc-9ffb-8d7afc091016","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.218004Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1906.00861","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bc09530bbdc1a1686131ca965aa52eaf0b73dfd45d1546644f79a451dc1eb941","observation_id":"7aaf9b3f-9f57-407b-bc88-d0a96b4955bc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.411964Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.222461Z","title":"C hain or dag? underlying data structures, architectures, topologi es and consensus in distributed ledger technology: A review, taxonomy and re search issues,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.222461Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fa1deb415599e4e0ba2c5b11abd20a0522f65a518c6b3efb7cf3b281c074503c","observation_id":"7ec3e1f7-9b88-40cb-8f39-197c3699906e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.222461Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.226310Z","title":"The consensus number of a cryptocurrency,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.226310Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:93a643ffe05d945e21f7408274d8cc6b9a61728f85dd481f54a728e9e61ae184","observation_id":"0e76e65f-6883-495b-a3f9-c31bf99ebfc6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.226310Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.230345Z","title":"Fastpay: High-p erformance byzantine fault tolerant settlement,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.230345Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:86b4f0d94bc50f2e402692f1573d9570d72412a521d37fc5069133608db2723b","observation_id":"9b3b899b-612c-4de1-95e7-5acc4a08625e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.230345Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.03567","last_updated":"2023-05-11T11:28:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T11:48:33.705111Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-05T14:18:36Z","title":"Flash: An Asynchronous Payment System with Good-Case Linear Communication Complexity","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.03567","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.234912Z","title":"Flash: An asynch ronous payment system with good-case linear communication comple xity,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.234912Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.03567","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2f364b0eaed0fc188e507a6b74f57f7ca38cb00c40761923f74736051faecf9a","observation_id":"61ef935e-5e29-4f41-89d5-73f05619beaa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.234912Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.239329Z","title":"Spectre: A fast and scalable cryptocurrency protocol,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.239329Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:953b9da6d9e165d84ada4a95007e3483f830478f11f7ed2e5fd5dd6078f3685a","observation_id":"0aa0d6c8-77c0-4abf-b319-fcf40b40068b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.239329Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.243338Z","title":"Tangle 2.0 leaderless nakamoto consensus on the he aviest dag,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.243338Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dfc74d963ae497a6e77c20829fead6e88952b13ed9f5564b599251dd87d6350f","observation_id":"9c85eb8c-2346-43ad-92b8-ed8fa80af0a9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.243338Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1906.08936","last_updated":"2020-08-24T14:54:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T19:55:49.042575Z","submitted_at":"2019-06-21T03:55:19Z","title":"Scalable and Probabilistic Leaderless BFT Consensus through Metastability","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1906.08936","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.247353Z","title":"Scal- able and probabilistic leaderless bft consensus through me tastability,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1906},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.247353Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1906.08936","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bd4a23b6ec9ea5c064f582a18d848c0c906feb2ac1836b368e4efb45a20437ac","observation_id":"50603b65-a1fe-41aa-87c0-3a07cdf2b978","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.247353Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.252059Z","title":"The Extended UTXO Model,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.252059Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f890a7f9ffb0ccef216ab09a2a8140ac0e900ac44451c2cf218797b082c0fa22","observation_id":"6bd3856e-def8-43d9-9bdb-2b04d657c9f0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.252059Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.256450Z","title":"Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised trans- action ledger,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.256450Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:201418124650bf25a5b2c03cb9881a49584593696b28e3797afebf3e26637d0b","observation_id":"ba22d54e-8a60-426e-b329-815683e4a172","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.256450Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1145/3616022","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.724520Z","title":"Reality-based utxo ledger,","venue":null,"work_id":"12ad7093-b164-4b09-9b58-19be15260f44","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.260456Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:28ac547c90062e861dcfa625a53b6a5de5c7ec38f928b1461e144ddf3390e846","observation_id":"eec2fb51-a5a3-48cc-b31f-89e85ccb9072","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.729060Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.264863Z","title":"The sui smart contracts platform,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.264863Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9f35a3964f0e4336b805d55ce987312aebe69293325c957a170634b6c229523e","observation_id":"96f9a4cc-8031-4d66-9bec-4acb73e6c3ba","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.264863Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.269114Z","title":"Mysticeti: Low-latency dag consensus with fast commit pat h,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.269114Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a7553b598a4e77d52f7d7785e379706aa6094d098a158fa57f5c99f8c694958c","observation_id":"85b017b3-77cf-42bd-a4f6-4afe5a77b69a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.269114Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2304.14701","last_updated":"2024-03-03T13:13:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T11:53:25.273425Z","submitted_at":"2023-04-28T09:15:55Z","title":"Permissionless Consensus","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2304.14701","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.272830Z","title":"Permissionless cons ensus,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.272830Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2304.14701","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e3d16868a33d0dc6ac1d83113a178c06387eb03be74ded5977839308025b2686","observation_id":"3524f878-aa7b-44bb-b942-8aa643c04e18","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.272830Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.08701","last_updated":"2024-11-05T20:19:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T22:25:33.554982Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-11T10:42:10Z","title":"Obelia: Scaling DAG-Based Blockchains to Hundreds of Validators","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2410.08701","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2410.08701","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.350154Z","title":"Obelia: Scaling DAG-Based Blockchains to Hundreds of Validators","venue":"cs.CR","work_id":"bc8869cc-ea96-4d8e-a1ab-a6206113d647","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.277247Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.08701","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:70b1db958a22e94392aabc73da7dc18c9a49565060bda465af7abb44380af42a","observation_id":"56b565be-c128-4f3a-ba91-c682ff079622","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.353939Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.281817Z","title":"The availability-account ability dilemma and its resolution via accountability gadgets,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.281817Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8abc753c1d947c536b43ff8c68bf02b5dbfa737334c70e8bea635d86673b257a","observation_id":"2726fa9f-380e-491e-98e9-b1f7a7b1974f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.281817Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.286302Z","title":"The sleepy model of consensus,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.286302Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:74b86027ac43be6ee80041c327fa15b8255c2dff0986317458c93670f5860aa4","observation_id":"bf124780-aca0-4e18-887c-fda0c4f224ff","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.286302Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.290256Z","title":"Asynchronous byzantine agreement protoco ls,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1987},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.290256Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c338e54c20c4fc244cc2b3178641f661792cbdb8dcf532f3c578feb7830f21b1","observation_id":"a8146f13-85c0-49ee-b3a5-43f7b2278031","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.290256Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.294071Z","title":"Impossib ility of distributed consensus with one faulty process,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1985},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.294071Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:244f26c044d27b9199a0ee4f3a6441d478e66681fbfbd2594fb00140092f71b8","observation_id":"53ecc507-e95d-4d11-b2e1-a91c36617ebc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.294071Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.298137Z","title":"Secure high-rate transac tion processing in bitcoin,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.298137Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a0121fb83f043a5fbe803f6637494fe84a1b0ac8b29f2d17c5f853e6bf776f9","observation_id":"2621811b-1d80-454a-acf0-bab8bf9465dd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.298137Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.301999Z","title":"Inclusive block chain protocols,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.301999Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1dd3a6ca2dfcfa86462e4ea44d0bc834f8b437730eb79b779694e6af5fad724c","observation_id":"455f7573-e14c-40cd-87a2-2206da591345","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.301999Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.306536Z","title":"Byteball: A decentralized system for st orage and transfer of value,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.306536Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:66f24835130534c44aaf0ef029e6c799e6e3b4dbfc1fb1756e5c9fb3ba3ab744","observation_id":"cd675826-3c71-4e8b-97f5-fb7036ef41c4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.306536Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.310670Z","title":"Phantom gho stdag: a scalable generalization of nakamoto consensus: September 2, 2021,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.310670Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2d27a0eb0736c2d4eb25f69ee56d6e30787919e8ecaf74a2a9e034a639e2202e","observation_id":"ee975618-2b78-4a52-a3bb-9b18ff46f11a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.310670Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.315090Z","title":"The DAG KNIGHT Protocol: A Parameterless Generalization of Nakamoto Consensus,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.315090Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:69d23ad58b59acd1b92c3a28850d45dfc0a16ef7f06a581780decd45edd0f788","observation_id":"8f957178-d8ff-4f81-b774-1ebcabc364bd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.315090Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.318919Z","title":"Prism: Deconstructing the blockchain to approach physical limits ,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.318919Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eaf8f2804699d610d08ed7d3a0483afc663a00b70e22d7a7dd6d8ac8e1f306ad","observation_id":"e3b163b4-e692-4f15-abff-9e6119fd259f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.318919Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.323052Z","title":"Ghast: Breaking conﬁrmatio n delay barrier in nakamoto consensus via adaptive weighted blocks ,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.323052Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d31cb6d06ae3fd06763d167030e5ac310bb89de020fe7510cd7545ead622bd83","observation_id":"97030fdd-7f24-4368-8df2-a952ee22794a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.323052Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.327311Z","title":"Joint- graph: A dag-based efﬁcient consensus algorithm for consor tium blockchains,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1987},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.327311Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:199da9be1160a6365d208784e95be8bf7f725bad3d7b1c60ff1ad9eb04a12583","observation_id":"ff5e8585-f130-4ca0-8155-66a11e7f0c61","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.327311Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.331284Z","title":"Aleph: Efﬁcient atomic broadcast in asynchronous networks with byzantine n odes,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.331284Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0f05bb9fb60bf3690b37faac890de0d39dad8d13a7b7623acb3e283ea8a1588e","observation_id":"c252264e-9a2f-4474-b53f-ef2c80301e86","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.331284Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.335121Z","title":"All you need is dag,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.335121Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7350d7f870fd96b2955a3fe27b8b58e9db0552cd4160290eff8496220cf73a56","observation_id":"a5866de0-685c-4e6e-88bb-b27215c5989d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.335121Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.339202Z","title":"Ohie: Blockch ain scaling made simple,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.339202Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0dcc27b2540f66d42fa5b72a43cf1e77ad72289b2ef1a537f2ec220c495a9a46","observation_id":"fb10ab6d-ae94-4a09-9052-9e6d12962da2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.339202Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.343159Z","title":"Parallel ch ains: Improving throughput and latency of blockchain protocols via paralle l composi- tion,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.343159Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:218bb3b7ed9ec11874361b51cf6860913476a5f8c8b50096e1de2fe4f943713d","observation_id":"e8cb1176-ecac-441f-90d8-ab58d85671bc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.343159Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.06955","last_updated":"2023-08-14T06:20:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T10:35:09.427338Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-14T06:20:24Z","title":"Security Analysis of Filecoin's Expected Consensus in the Byzantine vs Honest Model","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2308.06955","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2308.06955","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.273112Z","title":"Security Analysis of Filecoin's Expected Consensus in the Byzantine vs Honest Model","venue":"cs.CR","work_id":"a8cf312f-a825-485f-a2ca-16a495c1a926","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.347491Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.06955","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f2560daa80976bd3138f067a0d5e189b7f280ecc58ec127fe164db04d93e8223","observation_id":"1b9875f0-f39b-448e-a246-7055e8d391ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.277392Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.352191Z","title":"Nano: A feeless distributed cryptocurre ncy network,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.352191Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0cfb6b09fc5a4d34d7ae3aeb0c36ca7a7fa7d79014e95cb13278fb5d285fdb4d","observation_id":"10cc78b7-d59b-440e-8174-ad9ccda29e3e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.352191Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.356097Z","title":"Chainweb: A proof- of-work parallel-chain architecture for massive throughp ut,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.356097Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:23a331bbe0ad858c294ceeffe99057e9be8776070e17818c4d538187b86a3501","observation_id":"587d3a0a-1ef0-455c-b9f4-9bb3f4e1a705","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.356097Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.359936Z","title":"Torto ise and hares consensus: the meshcash framework for incentive-compatib le, scalable cryptocurrencies,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.359936Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e64c3ce2775edd39a38c9db40ebde1a10383c5e67285904cafa1f4578b37e731","observation_id":"b2c76187-dabd-469f-9c21-676fd9b55b69","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.359936Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.364059Z","title":"Nar- whal and Tusk: a DAG-based mempool and efﬁcient BFT consensu s,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":46,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.364059Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:760c2342ca3f7a7cd9d5bf348e4329bd10b5836ad8bd3f9e918934caf1b98ca0","observation_id":"a25fbcd9-dd22-4950-a36a-980b51b07887","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.364059Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.368448Z","title":"Bullshark: DAG BFT protocols made practical,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.368448Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a5f28f135ab43dbb4c4ffd4c55dd753cce9ecb19759d4be4750e5c225e115505","observation_id":"32d23f09-a08d-4653-a2db-9896b86c1f9a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.368448Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2205.09174","last_updated":"2023-09-22T20:40:09Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T15:41:48.929456Z","submitted_at":"2022-05-18T18:45:20Z","title":"Cordial Miners: Fast and Efficient Consensus for Every Eventuality","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2205.09174","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.372459Z","title":"Cordial miners: A fa mily of simple, efﬁcient and self-contained consensus protocols for every eventuality,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":48,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.372459Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2205.09174","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6ec02513632afbd611ac6567136d4cf5f3cef66c0019725cbc9cf381b1db11d1","observation_id":"d9f9bd4d-450d-47f9-abd3-94b77dffb24a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.372459Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.06335","last_updated":"2024-05-24T21:33:31Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T05:53:19.350783Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-10T06:08:04Z","title":"BBCA-CHAIN: Low Latency, High Throughput BFT Consensus on a DAG","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.06335","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.377288Z","title":"BBCA-CHAIN: One- Message, Low Latency BFT Consensus on a DAG,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.377288Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.06335","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3c2c502ea4632e99eb98001b1ca0d7494661ee691eeee6281f818bba23b6bab6","observation_id":"ee6d2bb1-8e4d-4b29-898e-af7127d1b64f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.377288Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2306.03058","last_updated":"2023-07-07T22:22:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T11:24:05.680213Z","submitted_at":"2023-06-05T17:29:33Z","title":"Shoal: Improving DAG-BFT Latency And Robustness","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2306.03058","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.381970Z","title":"Shoal : Improving DAG-BFT Latency And Robustness,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":50,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.381970Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2306.03058","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6cedfde887108bbc0bfff4fb167c01cc3d80d4b2b4248d638a319c232ad0e9d9","observation_id":"c513549c-7f1f-4249-9e6d-9f81351ef36b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.381970Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.390497Z","title":"Sail ﬁsh: Towards improving latency of dag-based bft,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":52,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.390497Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ed192ee22bf7156e0285630bf729a9bbf0a3e6d5e72571364bfe3419dfc6c1a","observation_id":"af3c8f6c-beb6-41de-96d7-2c3ee80ded22","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.390497Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.08670","last_updated":"2024-10-17T14:06:29Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T22:25:35.783341Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-11T09:54:56Z","title":"Mahi-Mahi: Low-Latency Asynchronous BFT DAG-Based Consensus","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.08670","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.394428Z","title":"Mahi-mahi: Low-latency asynchronous bft da g-based consensus,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":53,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.394428Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.08670","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c507fcf9f5d16d68aa21614c0e21540adac037916ead81397103bd146bd3f963","observation_id":"7d93e805-2e6d-48ca-82f9-c25e1bf5d591","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.394428Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.398408Z","title":"Slipstream: Ebb-and-ﬂow consensus on a dag with fast conﬁrmation for utxo transactio ns,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":54,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.398408Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ebb5afc80e4c33cc302bef1ec5ebfc16fa99bb12aeca8e81ff5f0c3c49bc0b37","observation_id":"b0da55c9-5c9e-4ca3-b1a4-2296ed9b3532","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.398408Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.406750Z","title":"Vite: A high performance asyn chronous decentralized application platform,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":55,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.406750Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fc1b0d50b62f0bbba7dff09a22dbb005a13dcc68e3e94476dfada3f9ab72160a","observation_id":"1da41fb8-5864-464d-826a-1af8cc6e5b79","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.406750Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:07:00.003878Z","title":"Consensus on a DAG,","venue":null,"work_id":"cf4cc56e-565b-4e14-8bdc-ad37bac40e54","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":56,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.410551Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1dab507a35ec83a52be3cc735610fdf90cc5643c1d73298c43b9bbd7eeafd2f0","observation_id":"a3d5dffa-b10c-4825-91e0-b275dbed8f64","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:07:00.009894Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.989938Z","title":"Towards robust distributed systems,","venue":null,"work_id":"1737e98a-4868-4082-b35f-70d1cc5c0001","year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":57,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.415223Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cd37753c77f0ce5d095daef4bef30daeed9fe1312e23866294d7982704479df0","observation_id":"38ad33e0-aa70-468f-850b-e02597221310","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.994350Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.976199Z","title":"Cap twelve years later: How the","venue":null,"work_id":"64accc4b-59b4-43a1-8468-6d7511c408cb","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":58,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.419593Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1dfa826ab1df71c7bbfb2c3ca478769ee2a65a515a004bb64816a90a563ae4b7","observation_id":"1c45011a-cf57-4ac0-963c-d7f4bc4890af","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.980470Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.959934Z","title":"Hedera: A governing council & public hashgraph network,","venue":null,"work_id":"6b2e5905-1ec7-40ed-a77c-15b051f2dc11","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":59,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.423584Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3f2e526207fca2297ac69176107cf43082cab7afbec32d586196783947fc7c93","observation_id":"a127fa51-eb47-4608-a213-736e3e103711","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.964227Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.945714Z","title":"Phantom,","venue":null,"work_id":"2f268c14-42cc-44ff-842d-30338b327d8e","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":60,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.427968Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b94f69e48770d27a95dc775526bb189f7f8b640915f370f5bed1ad23b7d870de","observation_id":"c6696251-10e7-4fde-aca0-9b51d101b74d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.950575Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.932683Z","title":"A decentralized blockchain with high through put and fast conﬁrmation,","venue":null,"work_id":"79408c21-a24c-4ae5-9293-df132e1f2899","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":61,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.432110Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4dacfb5781e79e28b42ab789f2428f710dbd446e90d0f0d32e763df971337ae3","observation_id":"372e34ab-a985-4637-9402-a9e24d4de810","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.937114Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2306.14757","last_updated":"2023-06-26T15:11:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T11:09:13.589716Z","submitted_at":"2023-06-26T15:11:50Z","title":"BBCA-LEDGER: High Throughput Consensus meets Low Latency","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2306.14757","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2306.14757","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.177779Z","title":"BBCA-LEDGER: High Throughput Consensus meets Low Latency","venue":"cs.DC","work_id":"8f1b4be5-543b-45db-ba34-f9963687aa74","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":62,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.436116Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2306.14757","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:99f7775c4885dc2e0ec97e1262a656477ed0b323bd0feb0c5fd12014ef55fce2","observation_id":"0a57b6c3-629c-4ecb-bc3b-f80c61743385","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.182784Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.20488","last_updated":"2025-03-05T00:55:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:13.529204Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-30T21:23:34Z","title":"Shoal++: High Throughput DAG BFT Can Be Fast!","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.20488","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.440655Z","title":"Shoal++: High throughput dag bft can be fast!","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":63,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.440655Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.20488","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e4aa4f0c6f2934ca3b870a99c7d4b2454c8330bc94280c752fac6195992f2550","observation_id":"2926e723-d39b-47e9-aea6-b0d2c6d35b8e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.440655Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.919839Z","title":"Graphchain: A blockch ain-free scal- able decentralised ledger,","venue":null,"work_id":"9bc33989-f816-41ad-876f-58af55790006","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":64,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.444485Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3e78a13f49ae73b861444c6402e8282d4f0b6012e39bbb5a94334a2937994c8","observation_id":"ca97f144-3eaf-4e2a-aeca-80d4f2414d49","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.924402Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.907066Z","title":"Sailﬁsh: Towards improving latency of dag-based bft,","venue":null,"work_id":"4f71496c-3e61-4849-b5c8-fbda49d51440","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":65,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.448996Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:665771250b7764df13691447746bd8da226e7751bfeff083de533667beb1d87e","observation_id":"0b10b37c-f752-472b-a4e7-9a00b8123af1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.911307Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.894180Z","title":"Avalanche native token ($avax) dynamics,","venue":null,"work_id":"b264aefe-7c17-4a2b-87f9-9bd5fe635f80","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":66,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.454186Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d7991db8cf7aa2b1edf4a7b85deac31e1d717665871f71d817b5647e9c26e43a","observation_id":"7e2ccc58-1f19-449e-b4e1-cbe96d9c9f91","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.898565Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.882679Z","title":"Ourobor os praos: An adaptively-secure, semi-synchronous proof-of-stake b lockchain,","venue":null,"work_id":"974c6c1b-39cd-4575-b64b-b9e05e0a9d8b","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":67,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.458129Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a545cc4a38f89f4f63bba27ac785a8a5cdb9a8f682d84832d84ac4557052c0f2","observation_id":"c5743959-9d70-4fdd-920d-4bfcc52077d3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.886871Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.462133Z","title":"Practical byzantine fault tolerance,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1999},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":68,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.462133Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4007f008d3466a0853277c8c53e4afd2cefc45d6b66f10d62cba60c9cf29e2c0","observation_id":"928dbae5-bf07-4f39-aa66-d029c1bd3894","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.462133Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.863623Z","title":"The byzantine gen erals problem,","venue":null,"work_id":"01bf32a2-8490-4634-a7f0-9812d675b187","year":1982},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":69,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.466429Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b6744492ea723bb602487c210657cffdeeca72916a56084c4253ec134de1f8d8","observation_id":"1ee8b9f3-b886-415f-bbd3-159e30e4267d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.867428Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.852494Z","title":"Fruitchains: A fair blockchain,","venue":null,"work_id":"43ee3646-8e49-4428-b7af-23a13a2d4d5b","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":70,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.470386Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:df67bda0c4b70dd1c521aff0ff55f2ef28d27afffb6245500288a85aa208851c","observation_id":"76ba57d5-5d2d-4447-99f6-63d96bb67a9e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.856407Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.841325Z","title":"{Bitcoin- NG}: A scalable blockchain protocol,","venue":null,"work_id":"8cea4102-c1fc-4cfb-82b2-2f40479df260","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":71,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.474598Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ea19998d0ff4fc7384ee558b5212e044977b1a566c19ce5edbfe70a3ce4baad","observation_id":"2a6bd31c-c943-4bb4-a343-53072245fd9e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.845366Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.830783Z","title":"On trees, chains and fa st transactions in the blockchain,","venue":null,"work_id":"de24c736-1040-4c81-9ae7-1cdab79ed0b6","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":72,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.478365Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3723e2960d477ede797e1acf06ff4a5db0ca8cfeafec0afc9334faf8c528d21c","observation_id":"46e9d3c3-a8cd-4289-b22e-865dce45ee63","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.834391Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.821006Z","title":"Condorcet’s paradox,","venue":null,"work_id":"d03a9590-27f9-40f6-baf2-e603fc54afee","year":1983},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":73,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.482630Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b29f19b7e78b355b2fa2bb00c72ffaa9ed5194f92a1d72eae76e4b3395b5d79a","observation_id":"a545e802-1c13-45e3-9dd3-a153af3c36d2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.824364Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1805.03870","last_updated":"2018-08-31T19:15:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-04T03:54:42.632359Z","submitted_at":"2018-05-10T07:54:02Z","title":"Scaling Nakamoto Consensus to Thousands of Transactions per Second","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1805.03870","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.486702Z","title":"Scaling n akamoto consensus to thousands of transactions per second,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":74,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.486702Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1805.03870","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9df10b4464a7b5613adf83f0a3d410eae5c770ebf646092c2fd8e6f9e8007c5e","observation_id":"574c9fb6-2afc-406d-bcbc-83f36cac277c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.486702Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.809744Z","title":"Ebb-and-ﬂow protocols: A r esolution of the availability-ﬁnality dilemma,","venue":null,"work_id":"56e4c435-229f-4f24-98d5-3a9609c9f72c","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":75,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.491087Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5692151d7f7900c49b53412a8582d02fa6c336d1eaec8b0529ceb88d2d990cd4","observation_id":"9f69b474-89c9-4555-9f85-cdf2369a1560","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.813933Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1007/s12243-021-00875-7","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.709693Z","title":"V oting-based probabilistic c onsensuses and their applications in distributed ledgers,","venue":null,"work_id":"68a0ff64-68aa-43de-b8a8-0bffe12a8b90","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":76,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.495173Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:01e368d9d5cb3ec074f1ac353acb0935c48d2c01a0a86e0210c9a9e78a4fe84f","observation_id":"62868767-32ab-4f42-bf46-e2d9eb2a663e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.715976Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.797689Z","title":"When is sp ring coming? a security analysis of avalanche consensus,","venue":null,"work_id":"b816f74b-f83e-4436-8ef0-356ad0ff5b00","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":77,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.499271Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3fc2fcd6fe3582705640d68326237fb81e882b12a36015b6d068ec7dca0939ff","observation_id":"f1acd474-2262-4570-ba11-fc5ee9cea5d0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.802135Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.785503Z","title":"Random oracles in c onstan- tipole: practical asynchronous byzantine agreement using cryptogra- phy,","venue":null,"work_id":"ad62ae32-06b8-4b75-b0f5-5a433bca7c84","year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":78,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.503063Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3b1be44b344972a5f1c26016c4b470fb1a0a56296af600b62dc4690621c457ce","observation_id":"7fd7ab15-6aa7-4780-abb7-8f1b9a6f7bce","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.789381Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.773512Z","title":"Asynchronous consensus and bro adcast protocols,","venue":null,"work_id":"a4ffcdf0-b76a-46fc-9403-b3168d8f61b4","year":1985},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":79,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.507548Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aec0f40884aa6cdbb7d03212ad3b0e392942f915814cbc84e8a5676488c82022","observation_id":"2f379d7a-7cde-478d-9331-f0b5373675df","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.777816Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.761738Z","title":"Fault-scalable byzantine fault-tolerant service s,","venue":null,"work_id":"4405eb8d-1312-425b-96ea-0657de10f360","year":2005},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":80,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.511868Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e6d729405eb1f1d1f0e77ccb16a3f7ff0b8c4897d545f6cdce06b79dcdeebf84","observation_id":"70bd7dc0-27e4-4786-8d6a-3dc11bf8a67a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.765917Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1907.07010","last_updated":"2019-07-16T13:57:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T08:08:03.081236Z","submitted_at":"2019-07-16T13:57:46Z","title":"Threshold Logical Clocks for Asynchronous Distributed Coordination and Consensus","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1907.07010","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1907.07010","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.145552Z","title":"Threshold Logical Clocks for Asynchronous Distributed Coordination and Consensus","venue":"cs.DC","work_id":"6ff4221c-5a9c-429c-976e-9d7fad2f7a9b","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":81,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.516077Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1907.07010","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9977a8ab39c7eb6659a5cfd4ae093cdec2c2e24eafb9169f495e1f407f2fc418","observation_id":"83a32452-4726-4e28-b28f-16abf7e20d9c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.149999Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.520123Z","title":"A better method to analyze blockchain consistency,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":82,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.520123Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:af0533139d7d20e50df348720cc0e115c59244821158a192c48e01e13a54bab0","observation_id":"193a7873-9edb-4628-ab54-aaccb084efaa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.520123Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1612.09426","last_updated":"2016-12-30T09:08:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T05:24:32.693553Z","submitted_at":"2016-12-30T09:08:10Z","title":"The Balance Attack Against Proof-Of-Work Blockchains: The R3 Testbed as an Example","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1612.09426","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.524015Z","title":"The balance attack against pr oof-of-work blockchains: The r3 testbed as an example,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":83,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.524015Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1612.09426","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c33ad695d1e40f2a368a32cd4bf2b359f0e4b619987c349d8338530ef9164e92","observation_id":"8f2b9455-bb96-4496-821d-dc5997f415ac","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.524015Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.750323Z","title":"Attested append-only memory: Making adversaries stick to their word ,","venue":null,"work_id":"971d7762-07f8-4abe-9235-c5b7203991a5","year":2007},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":84,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.527994Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:25dd1eaa1105ecd4f4963e27d22f33ad43dded82989cd834ac90ede4a2f89bfb","observation_id":"cd5cf37d-6608-4894-a4c9-0a9830096a67","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.754142Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.531699Z","title":"An analy sis of avalanche consensus,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":85,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.531699Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cc85c9ccc03b43fec54bdba6680a49b4b6a2b313590a4dbcc6948e5f829d9ceb","observation_id":"b3047c18-ca19-40f3-a628-0a9126f87f23","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.531699Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.14250","last_updated":"2024-09-30T05:36:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T15:30:18.986683Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T15:02:41Z","title":"Frosty: Bringing strong liveness guarantees to the Snow family of consensus protocols","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2404.14250","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.535602Z","title":"Frosty: Bringing strong liveness guarantees t o the snow family of consensus protocols,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":86,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.535602Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.14250","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f5b699fff589836f1fb52749da79905bba201c09121e75dabc9629f48a844648","observation_id":"c2cc5eb8-f0a8-4901-a00a-ee81e863e51b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.535602Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.539730Z","title":"An empirical study of consensus protocols’ dos r esilience,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":87,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.539730Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0666cb186fe2622624140e3e31c1b4583ae16153020db8ea8385b6ba032f899d","observation_id":"fa0d6e0d-b890-42af-91d8-59709f9cbfd3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.539730Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.740314Z","title":"The coordi- cide,","venue":null,"work_id":"29ae1f11-c4de-4fcc-ba9f-5fa8e5df7bb9","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":88,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.543543Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1cb1e0679ad998a0f5fa51c3289f987cc48fb382bf0df1223b5aa6c021f54729","observation_id":"f551a57b-8520-4ca3-bd0b-9a70fdb8cda6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.743592Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.730159Z","title":"Upper boun d prob- ability of double spend attack on spectre,","venue":null,"work_id":"b3160fdf-02f7-43b7-9483-546bd13bc722","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":89,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.547186Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a6a8bed0dafbd81f95fb06f25f1530663db75d5ff268b08c0d73fcb37cf8277f","observation_id":"c94683ab-d402-4f9e-97cb-52aaa05bc5a5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.733506Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2408.02000","last_updated":"2024-08-25T21:16:58Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T23:08:57.395986Z","submitted_at":"2024-08-04T11:56:28Z","title":"Adelie: Detection and prevention of Byzantine behaviour in DAG-based consensus protocols","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2408.02000","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2408.02000","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.942409Z","title":"Adelie: Detection and prevention of Byzantine behaviour in DAG-based consensus protocols","venue":"cs.DC","work_id":"8a2bfa92-7211-4e82-889d-03f0ecdf0afc","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":90,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.550501Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2408.02000","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4767945d9aa06d26546da200a7eec035d4a0f009b51500987cdaccdef0df7fcd","observation_id":"139df857-1ab9-478e-9585-e6c3b5e6455c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.946866Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.718884Z","title":"Feed back control for distributed ledgers: An attack mitigation policy for da g-based dlts,","venue":null,"work_id":"4da4d654-77cc-4d6a-9a15-ca7abac6d253","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":91,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.553784Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0dd5418140d2af1a98e1e880a1e9ca556991ed1533263c8a2276620333df3bef","observation_id":"1ecc2c2c-6dcf-43f8-ac5e-548452ed25c5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.722855Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.707640Z","title":"M itigation of liveness attacks in dag-based ledgers,","venue":null,"work_id":"ab7018eb-4987-4bb6-a894-c0524403e87e","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":92,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.557075Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:73b191f8291869119d9cfd78108b87b2776ee4ac83ba7281f7e039eb86a42068","observation_id":"588dec6e-b43b-4f45-a02d-f26d14b5d064","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.711822Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.18042","last_updated":"2024-10-30T10:49:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T05:39:11.811151Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-27T10:40:11Z","title":"Sui Lutris: A Blockchain Combining Broadcast and Consensus","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.18042","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.560485Z","title":"Sui lutris: A blockchain combining broadcast and consensus,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":93,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.560485Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.18042","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:67047432fefd3c82cd4d4a850c791cff6ad2116e0a518e53f4465232a1b058e9","observation_id":"d421d53b-2c32-4aa7-9cb1-f1ca9a55f6d7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.560485Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.694804Z","title":"Fairness No tions in DAG- Based DLTs,","venue":null,"work_id":"aa537972-2391-46a4-ae8a-78910d455885","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":94,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.564865Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:be33ce30e3ba944992cdc33a15d827a42d08d0ed96b40de143ef2c429f4140d4","observation_id":"d475b7e3-04cf-423c-960d-1d20c08dbe37","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.698876Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.683786Z","title":"Flash boys 2.0: Frontrunning in dece ntralized exchanges, miner extractable value, and consensus instabi lity,","venue":null,"work_id":"6cb6d142-6fef-4dac-89ef-15657084b090","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":95,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.569116Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bdaee402633c55271435928948e10af313bea74b903df0d1b7ec1d092ba224d0","observation_id":"843a48ff-c975-4060-87e7-055565feef82","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.687569Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2212.05111","last_updated":"2023-10-20T21:40:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T13:24:27.334742Z","submitted_at":"2022-12-09T20:32:23Z","title":"SoK: MEV Countermeasures: Theory and Practice","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2212.05111","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.574536Z","title":"SoK: MEV countermeasures: Theory and Practice,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":96,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.574536Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2212.05111","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e098bd298fca7b26913b481f671abcc00bc591e6efa1accf32d1a2624eade448","observation_id":"e7984d26-9202-4911-a7f4-0a1e3aae85ff","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.574536Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.672047Z","title":"Leveraging machine learning for bidding strategies in miner extractable value (mev) auctio ns,","venue":null,"work_id":"08cf94b3-501e-493c-98b0-bc6351d8748d","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":97,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.578876Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bd0be6d89aef66b08f3573cb088d5e7743b3cff1661e1389a91dd570bf8dbca4","observation_id":"4cc92785-44f2-4b90-9c49-09cc047bd31e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.676063Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.00940","last_updated":"2022-12-23T10:49:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T14:53:05.619682Z","submitted_at":"2022-08-01T15:40:17Z","title":"Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) Protection on a DAG","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2208.00940","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.582461Z","title":"Maximal extractable va lue (mev) protection on a dag,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":98,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.582461Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2208.00940","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cbd6050dc4ac335cf767a96b3b0274ac7801d702d7316cdb47f635df4d188ecd","observation_id":"c0a59682-9c64-4e9d-93ca-4747357fd456","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.582461Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.586625Z","title":"Lo: An accountable mempool for mev resistance,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":99,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.586625Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:60aa6be5c71322a9c1b90ec0c9047ecd9a9a8dab617195e5b6b8f6604c8d0545","observation_id":"311f28e9-3cf8-4432-bc0e-d2964a93a803","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.586625Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.15269","last_updated":"2023-11-13T07:16:24Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T10:45:48.057991Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-28T02:28:48Z","title":"Reducing Latency of DAG-based Consensus in the Asynchronous Setting via the UTXO Model","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2307.15269","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2307.15269","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.820797Z","title":"Reducing Latency of DAG-based Consensus in the Asynchronous Setting via the UTXO Model","venue":"cs.DC","work_id":"774c86af-97e6-407c-a239-666287339f77","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":100,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.590499Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.15269","citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:66279cb6e3cc1f06320c1e5d4c3e5bcb9e759b8bdb8986e915302f7a2d91d2de","observation_id":"36c93500-2ba8-4802-b6b9-09c570937b06","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.825290Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.660111Z","title":"Flexible advancement in asynchronous bft consensus,","venue":null,"work_id":"54ac86a5-3309-40b9-95f2-5f86f7a4bebc","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols","version":2},"reference_index":101,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:58.594587Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2411.10026"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bcb7a8c73ecee55be770b57b01a4b1e004cc4c80d0c6a92c1f74ca74570e5851","observation_id":"c8bf0a70-79da-4bc4-a175-a2f48b44cb1a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-12T20:06:59.664411Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10026","last_updated":"2025-04-22T10:04:48Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"cs.DC","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T01:19:53.327519Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T08:11:40Z","title":"SoK: DAG-based Consensus Protocols"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":100,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":62,"verified_exact":9,"verified_fuzzy":28},"total_outbound_references":121},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:32:02.005865+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-13T06:31:53.387327+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 13 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 100 of 121 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2411.10026."}