{"as_of":"2026-08-19T07:21:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:8a3a75b26faa05f128bb85fe2ffc80de06a05517225cf90f4123399e257a3005","coverage":[{"denominator":42,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":42,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.426219Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":43,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":43,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":1,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-05-09T19:55:16.880044Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-05-11T15:26:22.026343Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2412.02579","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","venue":null,"work_id":"2c3c1ac3-35f3-46fe-b203-7a89206279dc","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00248","last_updated":"2026-04-30T21:32:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:13:42.661364Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-30T21:32:10Z","title":"Causal Foundations of Collective Agency","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-09T19:55:16.880044Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.02579","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00248"},"observation_digest":"sha256:27bb3e7baf12355a7eab809fb78f98af4e759d3bb08626edba9f37a2d76077f3","observation_id":"3266f525-e5f1-4105-afc3-a052f36fe88b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T15:26:22.076334Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2412.02579/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2412.02579/integrity","json":"/paper/2412.02579/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.138780Z","title":"Approximate Causal Abstractions","venue":null,"work_id":"26ec57e5-e778-4ee1-9304-26747ce7a818","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.260072Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf4d9f6866740ceb3a14e8865f150b92d27840567a64dbc96ef9527455b6432f","observation_id":"231faf64-e11e-463b-bd6b-9b080dbecdce","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.142961Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.114012Z","title":"Causal models with constraints","venue":null,"work_id":"c8894cdb-e5af-4b5e-9c55-3c7a3c7275b7","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.270336Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cb3becdaa9edbc0e53504c308853bab575d6c2da43101dab720144f478b27d5a","observation_id":"391b57a2-a503-43f8-b1da-a57bffdb9661","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.118555Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.274637Z","title":"Abstracting Causal Models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.274637Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a4003834ed057e887192c67bda81dc3594465c046c1fbcd00c95571d81688cda","observation_id":"8618e8cd-4d7c-4c67-b3d1-19c0d21e3578","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.274637Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.101979Z","title":"Beyond structural causal models: Causal constraints models","venue":null,"work_id":"bfd5c2d6-72a5-4bdb-a175-4435453a7442","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.279045Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8f343dbad7e20bd2aebacc0756c5a8cb07fec1bd128ea914d79d600453a2c506","observation_id":"d7437d42-c343-4141-9ea8-b21786e33138","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.106708Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.091291Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"74ea3812-b00d-4c0a-b684-9d816d86c3e8","year":1989},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.283514Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b3570abc78d22f9a43d6cd2106b6ed28f045de55921f95fa865b6d8a80e3d2d1","observation_id":"6c8647b7-30eb-4d98-a0c5-8136c284adf2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.094623Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.12205","last_updated":"2024-05-20T17:45:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:51:14.060214Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-20T17:45:26Z","title":"Metacognitive Capabilities of LLMs: An Exploration in Mathematical Problem Solving","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.12205","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.288213Z","title":"Metacognitive Capabilities of LLMs: An Exploration in Mathematical Problem Solving","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.288213Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.12205","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0a5af8a63fa02ba162d57fde88d396d4d7aeedff15c3dd23594e84c14488ef38","observation_id":"4f705931-dee9-42a7-bb33-30cc94d963d8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.288213Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1609/aaai.v35i13.17368","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.485612Z","title":"Agent Incentives: A Causal Perspective","venue":null,"work_id":"cefbf61f-6a54-4d54-8d5e-d58b248a5705","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.293045Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:037ab74843ee0a69a069a5f4c7628323f2cddadd40c2f6d524a8fc30bfb7f6ab","observation_id":"9e439f08-edd8-492d-9c7e-b9e634b19522","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.490126Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2109.11513","last_updated":"2021-09-23T17:33:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T17:56:49.658155Z","submitted_at":"2021-09-23T17:33:30Z","title":"Temporal Inference with Finite Factored Sets","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2109.11513","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2109.11513","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.725994Z","title":"Temporal Inference with Finite Factored Sets","venue":"cs.AI","work_id":"1a4ad159-7f45-477f-b272-83ae17f9d18d","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.297053Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2109.11513","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:51f203ee56de6d30a0562bb7399da12ac2ffd2a34cdfec4cca93071563538d36","observation_id":"6e1b9d21-5b5f-40df-bef6-1176812d77dc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.730532Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2301.04709","last_updated":"2025-05-08T23:00:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T16:03:00.653173Z","submitted_at":"2023-01-11T20:42:41Z","title":"Causal Abstraction: A Theoretical Foundation for Mechanistic Interpretability","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2301.04709","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.301776Z","title":"Causal abstraction for faithful model interpretation","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.301776Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2301.04709","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:83343b4916a8c28e8147116508cd3deee8a1d955b4a63a89dd7c6b7f03368311","observation_id":"e44f166a-e856-466f-9106-7dacbddeacb6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.301776Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.078790Z","title":"Causal abstractions of neural networks","venue":null,"work_id":"a594e4e0-b542-43dc-a6de-8e745641db20","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.306153Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fe89c70a1d864100e0d951670f81420f81ad938bcfc5b13f9f7e92efa35d148c","observation_id":"bd0f25bb-c9ba-4069-97e1-fa101e945c14","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.082464Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.066354Z","title":"Identifying independence in Bayesian networks","venue":null,"work_id":"3ae3801d-d3e1-4184-b7dc-5e53787caceb","year":1990},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.310745Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d9ae97c64121b4ade0dfc53af2e0163abf627e104f18dff78e79eb729704951b","observation_id":"4c88e942-5267-4882-a758-fad01972bcef","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.070487Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.054456Z","title":"Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory","venue":null,"work_id":"6884dea5-6b36-4a3d-9ab5-7d04e949e6fc","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.314749Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:66eda4a91d26a804c626b7063454952205ee97e010e29c8733c709f9700c3b8a","observation_id":"d24eb92d-9b4b-43e0-b932-590ab0c61452","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.058678Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2207.05221","last_updated":"2022-11-21T16:38:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:42:29.067319Z","submitted_at":"2022-07-11T22:59:39Z","title":"Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2207.05221","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.318975Z","title":"Language models (mostly) know what they know","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.318975Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2207.05221","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2e3ec279e49008c927854ffd195d178603b208ab5da79181aa477c103d7ca5fc","observation_id":"3220cbd9-e7fb-4bf0-9639-9ef5c6c69df5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.318975Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.323216Z","title":"Discovering agents","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.323216Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a21efc0d0e331ed0172e0e86b05bc4dd03a6b16e8b5eac16797550410f36287c","observation_id":"e4336fd7-656a-4791-a37b-5781de5bd80d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.323216Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.041467Z","title":"Probabilistic graphical models: principles and techniques","venue":null,"work_id":"4bb6e00e-2760-49a6-b5c6-f4434312c8d2","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.326873Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6e46743918e4dfe2482d5041986683e32ffa7a20e9f5fda5a30fd836e1b4c33b","observation_id":"bb50ffd9-0316-4032-b094-e9b56a4aaf76","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.046289Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1515/jci-2016-0013","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.470693Z","title":"Causal Inference via Algebraic Geometry: Feasibility Tests for Functional Causal Structures with Two Binary Observed Variables","venue":null,"work_id":"162d4f8f-58b8-4897-a612-40409052d36b","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.334668Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3118888bf478dce64f0860308bc9c87f1bb159208c7cca31a32bdcad9f909a1a","observation_id":"383f923c-7ede-4c1f-9992-f432f88fe7b5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.476783Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.013736Z","title":"Causality","venue":null,"work_id":"06380b4d-9561-40ba-9f6d-8e9a5c5e1582","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.338371Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0abcff138a8e90c5b703cfcb8e5cfd27dbf9e1de923239a60364d02714c6502e","observation_id":"3c828883-c9b8-4a1c-ba17-2faf76c6cdd6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.018329Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.998668Z","title":"Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference","venue":null,"work_id":"b7aa2baf-bbba-42ab-97c8-084bf3a42a18","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.342168Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:190523ac2328bfb9fbebfdd093dde312157df8c8c86e643a8dcf9ebf875cec50","observation_id":"04f06ce5-5265-495f-8c27-93de0a0fb60d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.003953Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.972307Z","title":"Graphoids: Graph-Based Logic for Reasoning about Relevance Relations or When would x tell you more about y if you already know z?","venue":null,"work_id":"6e48aef0-422e-4b77-b366-1d951cfa34c9","year":1986},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.350055Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:48ead350cdbe1e4f6b403cb8030b0cc95812c4ec8c9ad37a40b51d4f73a8bf5f","observation_id":"df1156ae-d6d8-48f4-b667-f43d03c6030b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.976468Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.959880Z","title":"Elements of causal inference: foundations and learning algorithms","venue":null,"work_id":"b4e25d3b-0bab-4dd4-a209-ece544c38739","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.353816Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e1daea0776861ade426648471cf1259a8a4c815482a767a848ebe071d52ee35c","observation_id":"f93964fe-a400-4ee8-ad12-c7dae642311a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.964274Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.947528Z","title":"Robust agents learn causal world models","venue":null,"work_id":"b9e00895-5b75-4030-8e8f-72365edee229","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.357057Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bf2167f7c73baa3ac6c0bfffbc16813fbede451792a34f6feb4f8465d9add703","observation_id":"24b75186-2ab7-4483-a4d6-1e759ba57058","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.952282Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.935348Z","title":"Causal Consistency of Structural Equation Models","venue":null,"work_id":"d916040e-7790-4d66-bb74-0a7c458d821c","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.360312Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:792ecef43d5ff41cb13cff4056f87dff159ca2df81e4036de8c3f4d71b6eb9d0","observation_id":"61bbd968-996e-423a-8aa6-6ce60dfbf3cf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.939288Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.363386Z","title":"Toward Causal Representation Learning","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.363386Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bf7f15a95d8c68908fef292b71eed021968ecdd6861e1bd0105c279d32831c79","observation_id":"18a50602-8ec5-4bc6-80b2-b388d49ccdf6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.363386Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.923002Z","title":"Causality in thought","venue":null,"work_id":"ff273f2e-2024-4f66-9cfd-048bbd396876","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.366263Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:af1916002850ecee9f345604e9060eef0771d748f171ab776c5d3351d2bdb49c","observation_id":"24102161-19f0-481f-9c17-c4844f17ba04","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.926720Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.911596Z","title":"Causation, prediction, and search","venue":null,"work_id":"f21a9a76-b149-4e0c-9877-7fdf9aafc222","year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.369688Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f0a899fb1b9ac2640c21e44cdc3ff797dc71bb6a2630901ade4d14092c447ca8","observation_id":"e166f0fb-2353-46ec-8df3-93bb35df0286","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.915143Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.898412Z","title":"Data mining: practical machine learning tools and techniques with Java implemen- tations","venue":null,"work_id":"c4476365-7e6a-43c0-b675-597730d7825d","year":2002},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.373024Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8419e14c3a75adb40cf0ded282f4a25f30b5340f19cd4508fa3c631d772058d8","observation_id":"02cff577-2cc7-4bd9-967f-c16faaf5f2a3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.903140Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2207.08603","last_updated":"2022-07-18T13:47:20Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T16:45:09.908631Z","submitted_at":"2022-07-18T13:47:20Z","title":"Abstraction between Structural Causal Models: A Review of Definitions and Properties","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2207.08603","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.376155Z","title":"Abstraction between Structural Causal Models: A Review of Definitions and Properties","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.376155Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2207.08603","citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:30850d5d13f0fddc4def225211c343da428d834807edec1f560be7efa9fc331c","observation_id":"a12fa520-975c-4878-bab0-d3b1f8075769","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.376155Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.886731Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"bc5ea514-7ad1-4e7e-8f03-3b4f6191b8b4","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.381367Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1d8603fd1c6b55dc9724b86258a20efa7c7fcb37e59b020e129da569ea03e882","observation_id":"baf0a6b8-2c68-4f88-9d48-31980835d1fa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.890887Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.874245Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"9a804886-121d-4952-a6c5-f23aeedffaaf","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.385540Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a4aa103d5d5022725d29f2ebcddc85e5a21de19fadf03e15697762ad726bf71c","observation_id":"2abf1c20-6bbf-46bf-91b7-2dbe5dc6af8c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.878423Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.860654Z","title":"Note that P and Q do not have to factorize over Ω here","venue":null,"work_id":"c16b0667-9b3b-4d80-b071-bf52ae63b970","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.389724Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2cf60b9e9f908845fa8d49643f83ab0fbd3bafe228d23d39e650eb7cb3605bf3","observation_id":"434e1007-898b-4a26-aee9-38348d459f34","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.864824Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.848948Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"3fb3d747-ac9f-4434-bb82-470d45c722fa","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.394003Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:54437e8c428bdae008694d00cf507f5c914016b96ae8aee14cd86fa1fdaefb61","observation_id":"45e9c250-6170-4f93-9d63-afc95137f027","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.852958Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.836829Z","title":"By 2., we have supp(P ) = supp(PJ ) × supp(PJ ) ⊆ supp(QJ ) × supp(PJ ) = supp(Q)","venue":null,"work_id":"f19e2636-4c83-4225-aaa6-17779b7c551e","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.398052Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:25e6fa9dda4ab8c193cdd7978b7a75368c17c7e1b46667cee8d922129229987e","observation_id":"38d796c1-7188-4982-807a-2f71d07b9abf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.841305Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.824410Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"f86b759f-7afe-4e00-b4de-d1c025a70d1e","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.402651Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:159bde74c4d9987b5c76ba94abffe1c76f75b992a15f35318a6d1407923c76d8","observation_id":"db5a6071-66df-4a33-ae0a-9ea7f7ab8482","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.828595Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.812323Z","title":", q} and j ∈ I, set P k j := P k−1 j if j ̸= jk Qj if j = jk","venue":null,"work_id":"36ac6bb6-c86f-46a2-aedf-4e4350180e82","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.406514Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e9470225a4e1daea15df54c0b44c16eff41d101a60b5d70b1690d11338c3b2c1","observation_id":"91b259a5-a3db-4cee-a712-f234ce48b782","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.816658Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.798848Z","title":"Note that by construction, we have that P q = Q, and also P k−1 and P k can only differ in jk","venue":null,"work_id":"e2509630-372b-4677-bb58-5b361c280581","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.410421Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ed9ebc3c03b8cc5411eca1f81cb5d691fd604e60d35bbc8548fe191defa677ef","observation_id":"a34105d6-1454-4d33-ba79-12849917f5e8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.803534Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.786358Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"cd2e1373-cb7e-49fa-bdee-c113c76b2af7","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.414549Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e428f44ee6d08789684a5298b022c0cd037018525bf18eb08e957e892414790c","observation_id":"31124fe2-7723-4e5d-95e8-9910a7e21751","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.790494Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.772997Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"bc74d869-358c-40a8-9d6a-c9e14030db86","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.418684Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bee5649f0244ad04491d0aab8e419974c06dc5dca7d93a8eda61be43b21a6f0e","observation_id":"efcc89bd-57f1-4cf0-870e-0da0387cd6a5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.776550Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"parse_uncertain"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.761543Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"aca05d75-9452-4e03-abbd-37020d5bd4e2","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.422526Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90229f7fe08a21fa05031f8fa01eedd5b32059a1fb7db0becfd2e8260b719831","observation_id":"2caab558-3259-454f-b6fa-6ca65e6a79b6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.765116Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.750698Z","title":"For 2., we need to show that (δα ⊗ PJ ) ∈ △⊗(Ω) and (δα ⊗ PJ )(C) > 0","venue":null,"work_id":"262347a0-8375-4d6d-b273-e3fda75f02d9","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.426219Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4401bbb16eea19f9645f4634bc85b656a819c5c653223cca0f60dc93be5dcf89","observation_id":"92e9372a-58d4-4259-909f-28dffe3c98ee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.754149Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.984549Z","title":"13 Factored space models arxiv preprint","venue":null,"work_id":"fbd64b01-aa97-4a7c-9de5-73ffb9be9e3b","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":1988,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.346126Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2a14380820e4cd9f0791b165608f9d9b3e50b0700712d87b0db94b67478fc3da","observation_id":"554b2efd-dfcb-455f-9e4e-fc6358911a59","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.989843Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.027212Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"470ab649-c6ab-4d03-9782-c93d97df35b0","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":2009,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.330818Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:40721a21ef8511347cc86006e46fe5e7db029b9e8e100a3bb5ff0e54701df807","observation_id":"c7267c96-519c-468b-8306-cc4e85bcb478","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.031581Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"parse_uncertain"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.126440Z","title":"by Amir Globerson and Ricardo Silva","venue":null,"work_id":"17a3d5fe-1930-4b48-95cb-1510cb1d6017","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction","version":2},"reference_index":2019,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:45.266021Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2412.02579"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2993b27aa6616a56e9910695ff726c1e29931f634d49ba2addd55eaf68db0723","observation_id":"8e767e5a-ee40-472e-880f-ef551e3c6c19","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-11T23:28:46.130409Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.02579","last_updated":"2024-12-20T18:38:53Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"cs.AI","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T21:34:03.233913Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-03T17:04:20Z","title":"Factored space models: Towards causality between levels of abstraction"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":42,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":2,"unresolved":13,"verified_exact":3,"verified_fuzzy":23},"total_outbound_references":42},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 42 of 42 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2412.02579."}