{"as_of":"2026-08-18T06:55:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:ba8653c608c2c830d52c89f206e3721b61ce3b893fbdc1613c23f788ff78b92f","coverage":[{"denominator":33,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":33,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.363718Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":33,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":33,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2502.01679/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2502.01679/integrity","json":"/paper/2502.01679/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.609333Z","title":"In:FirstConferenceonLanguageModeling(2024),https://openreview.net/forum? id=IW1PR7vEBf 14 B","venue":null,"work_id":"d050c235-9d04-4c4e-8690-1fa54184e20b","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.223210Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:24d0493533413958b52e5fb1a0735eb05b183388acfbd73cf4b7620e35fd3a17","observation_id":"4991ca27-d73e-4e31-9614-01586a3a9b93","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.613859Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.325268Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 1stInternationalWorkshoponOpenSourceDataMining:FrequentPatternMining Implementations","venue":null,"work_id":"8c9a83be-859f-4117-89e1-ee8dc27e2de2","year":2005},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.228715Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8d3723c8f6f3930f5dd186bf37c00828240ff18a57c26e8e7c10ee0c00840f18","observation_id":"733cee0a-b3af-44d9-9f5a-645cbf5e5b90","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.329813Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id_nonexistent","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.162657Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency","venue":null,"work_id":"01519c35-0596-453b-a81f-c0a74c35afec","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.233593Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e59053b58ba1fffc47fb17c4cdae24613c3abd1456f746aeba4144bd8ba1baa5","observation_id":"9d07931f-9a28-4385-afee-42cc002889bf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.167550Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id_nonexistent","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.238534Z","title":"Science 356(6334), 183– 186 (2017)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.238534Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:adbb5d7228c21c1c6dacec18f17fe79ada4444f0f7ab19655670adab50cc3155","observation_id":"afc3a86b-cc17-4c77-bc65-57b82f04f32f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.238534Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.1111/lang.12107","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T05:30:23.456663Z","title":"Language Learning65(2), 298–325 (2015)","venue":"Language Learning","work_id":"657885cc-3453-459d-919e-43d792fecc84","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.243451Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c9ba1433c583cc8bef77b940202c66b992989bcea16b667a463d4b32f74963ec","observation_id":"9dc968d5-3220-4d4e-a58c-5aac70e451bf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.505971Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.594668Z","title":"In: The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations (2024), https://openreview.net/forum? id=7Ttk3RzDeu","venue":null,"work_id":"e10a02a6-6cac-4e38-99a5-8250f51c9768","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.247973Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5b8fa654b215ce4248e3e59cfef1ef5c4664174608c238e6c9bfb2627facddac","observation_id":"2002c238-5bde-4594-9153-ba483daa6fc6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.599328Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.252570Z","title":"Association for Computing Machinery Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology15(3) (March 2024)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.252570Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e902b0c37a050849fcf3430706eab1a78a2129831a21fdc7b8a24d600bac00e7","observation_id":"6d225455-c4a6-4362-bdcc-0939d29399c7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.252570Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.579877Z","title":"In: Calzo- lari, N., Kan, M.Y., Hoste, V., Lenci, A., Sakti, S., Xue, N","venue":null,"work_id":"13162bf6-fdd0-46ba-9ccd-13be089a131c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.256594Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:36805d4b11de21233377710fe32e67433e2fc524987851a5824a8f0dbce7906c","observation_id":"afee2d61-2789-4de6-a5d6-1945b28623f9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.584299Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1810.04805","last_updated":"2019-05-24T20:37:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:16:28.847993Z","submitted_at":"2018-10-11T00:50:01Z","title":"BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1810.04805","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.260551Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805 (2018)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.260551Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1810.04805","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8f9a23e8fb12a21cc6e0ecec4bd22fe718817f7c70aa76ae73f8a04c3620e723","observation_id":"96c50a6a-f3f6-4a87-980c-0ed3633f929a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.260551Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.564266Z","title":"Computational Linguistics pp","venue":null,"work_id":"d150fd66-4e17-4f44-bc76-99b0296292de","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.264940Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9a9d20342ee3edbc2b77507300e2ad21d91207310f5524fbed03799f9441c049","observation_id":"ecfbdf6e-802f-4b3a-ac96-ce4d660318fd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.570209Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.548896Z","title":"In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020), https://openreview.net/forum? id=H1eA7AEtvS","venue":null,"work_id":"10a666d8-cea4-4595-9620-e6ba2e22598e","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.268787Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3dcdee1e77e6fa6bcf54fb77921a6c7a9eba3a50675ae92640511ff7962e7db1","observation_id":"b2063092-cb1c-4d58-bc99-55e77f0f92ae","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.553707Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.18653/v1/2023.acl-long.786","metadata_source":"openalex","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T05:30:23.456663Z","title":"In: Rogers, A., Boyd-Graber, J., Okazaki, N","venue":null,"work_id":"6d5979b9-06e2-4636-8fdd-dd4bcca6033a","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.273099Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ba38ed4df74020c4966a6d57d285bb8934e36e888c2b1da208480ed091660444","observation_id":"87fb273a-3e21-43e9-95d5-ca9fc606bd81","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.481410Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.940249Z","title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering34(1), 50–70 (2022)","venue":null,"work_id":"06a270a1-68b6-41b3-ba68-f29c618f6167","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.277324Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0af44f76ce71a077d67fb052ac5a2d15dfb1d66a2c4dacc72bdfc7ecc4387340","observation_id":"9040eece-4967-44e5-9bf0-76b5aa46f673","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.944662Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id_nonexistent","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.10149","last_updated":"2024-02-21T13:52:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:07:16.573910Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-20T03:30:22Z","title":"A Survey on Fairness in Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2308.10149","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.281300Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.10149 (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.281300Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.10149","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:66f0df65f860c4d5c13c693665ac68f0b51be2baded93ebceb41fc9fd708a0df","observation_id":"f00c309e-9b6f-483d-a6d0-7da3bbd7c87f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.281300Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.534260Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"8ba2baf4-64e1-4d5a-9472-94f3f0a02764","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.285624Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f3fcf4f3ccba63c400e9f1a529886fb4d803e65ac7af1c57c427478eef7bdaec","observation_id":"547ce649-eb3f-45f5-9b9f-d5f4458e2276","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.538555Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.289699Z","title":"In: Burstein, J., Doran, C., Solorio, T","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.289699Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:24c8a4d3e30e78d6e75dfebb9b157fa718ce710e0a70c1ca69cbe5606968ccd8","observation_id":"201a5f2c-8f6b-4174-afb0-e1dde90ecb07","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.289699Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.293739Z","title":"Journal of Open Source Software2(11), 205 (2017)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.293739Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9d764b2c6a90a107a879ef6db76c4db28a05d89d60616964ef01c82999e25b2e","observation_id":"ca765979-837b-4e0c-b2b4-16b842a0a3b1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.293739Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.411993Z","title":"The Journal of Open Source Software 3(29), 861 (2018)","venue":null,"work_id":"540ca7f1-07e9-41f2-bfff-b6895a93b43e","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.297839Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cea0559e2f34cdbe6dcc4a398d8a45e71a837da77eda38cdf1ecea30eec056cf","observation_id":"b61b0ebf-9611-489b-9254-9b7eeade25b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.416091Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.301629Z","title":"In: Muresan, S., Nakov, P., Villavicencio, A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.301629Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:63808ad2161878f1b66749a1607ee0e1bb2a8836b1a11ff0c831a64b8f34173a","observation_id":"489d6158-c21a-4bc3-9642-f58c35b79d25","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.301629Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.306076Z","title":"In: Zong, C., Xia, F., Li, W., Navigli, R","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.306076Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:258f09714a88f57bb00cb32ffa0c1777c70c012fd7c7fe440b58e93317ad36b0","observation_id":"3503fba5-e051-41aa-8e29-1fad0f8cb3a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.306076Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.398102Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","venue":null,"work_id":"9c6de287-7dbf-4007-8275-06d4a993e010","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.310412Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2e9fb25ef2a37f0e276c109c00f5e8313b8f0f09b67403015ccf40824697b17d","observation_id":"cfdfc72c-b5fe-4176-8672-9637cddffeb6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.402759Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.314552Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.314552Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:720dd73740487e804efd7c73443f4b68f9cff74473fcf615ba61cac3ba63353c","observation_id":"2a6be6de-46ac-402f-bbcc-4638a4100874","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.314552Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.383693Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"ac86d762-aabb-4891-b15c-98816f93205d","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.319043Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c78968ae632b639c7ff6ea565fd4d6080edf901ba62bd004353d109096efeeda","observation_id":"c8596d9d-e29f-4ecb-8d53-0801d1b061c3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.388086Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.323404Z","title":"In: Muresan, S., Nakov, P., Villavicencio, A","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.323404Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:12bee8798f05e2cbbd73e86f0931fcf251816fc2e4fb005a19976c09d0b3c3be","observation_id":"4978185b-ab0a-4d58-8e2f-223e5618d873","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.323404Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.367114Z","title":"In: The 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (2023), https://openreview.net/forum? id=Y6w2prqvjM","venue":null,"work_id":"2633fa99-3cbb-46de-add6-b8ec09be4e89","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.327391Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e17bea8798033ebd5d009386f5974bf0513ca7250413e30ca95e3782146b66b0","observation_id":"2751f5aa-5224-43fe-a1ef-cc3f30d62037","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.372615Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.331441Z","title":"In: Goldberg, Y., Kozareva, Z., Zhang, Y","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.331441Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e3a91f3d35962024bd88766844be41876c904ebf76032d78bac93c5b783ea562","observation_id":"56b222ce-73d7-4670-8142-3cb7736803a3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.331441Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.335441Z","title":"OpenAI blog1(8), 9 (2019)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.335441Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a224ab7562d63ea5e4fa956bdf262ca85c88ad1979cc34ae42947a1329f19002","observation_id":"0b65e4d6-4c09-4076-9a4d-f06c1371563b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.335441Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.11019","last_updated":"2024-11-19T05:35:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:15:59.513430Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-20T16:46:10Z","title":"Investigating the Factual Knowledge Boundary of Large Language Models with Retrieval Augmentation","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.11019","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.340436Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.11019 (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.340436Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.11019","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bc02376f04e4883af8002b3e557bff21ed41b7dcc1005db800cc65af0cf4ae9a","observation_id":"0df16f84-5542-4e56-a28c-ba9c7af0e1fb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.340436Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.345281Z","title":"Transactions of the Association for Com- putational Linguistics 9, 1408–1424 (12 2021)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.345281Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b11aad2d7834032db1c8a006fc9b97ee5af8c7745bc03ec255daa4b093c813c9","observation_id":"a088ca13-82fd-4a16-bb1c-0a817d5f9085","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.345281Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.340525Z","title":"New Zealand journal of psychology40(2), 25–36 (October 2011), https://kar.kent.ac.uk/84622/","venue":null,"work_id":"90c727e2-fd9b-43fd-baea-8c6e0b5e6c28","year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.350005Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:116eda888b62efe60a134042173b22fdf32fc88eb9f9f1b30d814a90f42b7bd2","observation_id":"9d2b1ed1-6678-422a-9cf9-9fd3e0805e0f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:08.345112Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.726106Z","title":"In: 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","venue":null,"work_id":"32146b9d-618b-475a-b7e3-098effeea834","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.354439Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2bfe3af9ef45a617c19bc2ff2fb7761d3bf82f2215352e5e7033af329f7a4a25","observation_id":"fc0123a1-5069-41fc-9b5f-2b74bf0e127b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.731623Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id_nonexistent","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1910.03771","last_updated":"2020-07-14T03:42:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T08:27:58.343233Z","submitted_at":"2019-10-09T03:23:22Z","title":"HuggingFace's Transformers: State-of-the-art Natural Language Processing","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1910.03771","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.358919Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.03771 (2019)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.358919Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1910.03771","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:53378a9927d252058e8f379dba0b78c96c378cf4e585d09980cb57b692a75f14","observation_id":"b1680295-027a-433d-ab15-734b0790ee0a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.358919Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.01509","last_updated":"2023-12-03T21:25:10Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:38:03.119205Z","submitted_at":"2023-12-03T21:25:10Z","title":"Tackling Bias in Pre-trained Language Models: Current Trends and Under-represented Societies","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2312.01509","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2312.01509","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.530739Z","title":"Tackling Bias in Pre-trained Language Models: Current Trends and Under-represented Societies","venue":"cs.CY","work_id":"9466099a-0035-44ad-b8e0-37c3949a6ebc","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.363718Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2312.01509","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.01679"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ca636e6f66840588dfdcb92ef102f0e97f602474c7dd6fb6545f5cbf92fbfaec","observation_id":"71a1cb25-4ed3-43a8-83d8-55a11384fcd8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-09T18:14:07.536477Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.01679","last_updated":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CY","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T17:16:42.361026Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-02T04:24:57Z","title":"LIBRA: Measuring Bias of Large Language Model from a Local Context"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":33,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":2,"metadata_mismatch":1,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":16,"verified_exact":6,"verified_fuzzy":8},"total_outbound_references":33},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 33 of 33 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2502.01679."}