{"as_of":"2026-08-16T11:34:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:27dde6c303c888d902c8adc88882e49f2c76816c37952041ea0d4930b31df1bc","coverage":[{"denominator":23,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":23,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.523478Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":28,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":28,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":5,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":5,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:16:58.500777Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":1,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[{"count":1,"observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","source":"arxiv_reference"}],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.16318","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T16:24:11.067047Z","title":"Semantics at an angle: When cosine similarity works until it doesn’t","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.13727","last_updated":"2025-07-18T08:16:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T10:47:47.914748Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-18T08:16:13Z","title":"Adversarial Training Improves Generalization Under Distribution Shifts in Bioacoustics","version":1},"reference_index":76,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T16:24:11.067047Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.16318","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.13727"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fa0e0029bd31ae94a6a8df75a3bb0fc850b1b03ad0658208bc4eacdaabf6890d","observation_id":"8ea709bc-60c3-4d9a-ab4c-96fe120dc6dd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T16:24:11.067047Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.16318","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2504.16318","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Semantics at an angle: When cosine similarity works until it doesn’t","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"72a006be-607f-4788-ae23-329d85f25910","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.10116","last_updated":"2026-04-11T09:19:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T22:58:47.599383Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-11T09:19:41Z","title":"A Dual Cross-Attention Graph Learning Framework For Multimodal MRI-Based Major Depressive Disorder Detection","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T15:54:04.476557Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.16318","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.10116"},"observation_digest":"sha256:11afe4a88e08e7be7b0c76af96a7288fece0755342291c1b3bcdad01b08201e1","observation_id":"1aa86d54-36f2-47ea-b696-ff54b2d264ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-24T01:24:02.473320Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.16318","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2504.16318","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Semantics at an angle: When cosine similarity works until it doesn’t","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"72a006be-607f-4788-ae23-329d85f25910","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.30646","last_updated":"2026-05-28T23:03:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T13:40:49.056190Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-28T23:03:43Z","title":"Same Patient, Different Words, Different Diagnosis? Evaluating Semantic Stability in Clinical LLMs","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-29T07:14:22.444020Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.16318","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.30646"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ff0faea843f7bd18329af374d5efa819e8fb86122d8789056e4f97e2c970e706","observation_id":"8749b8f9-7f20-4dd9-a969-dada448c7215","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-24T01:24:02.473320Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.16318","metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2504.16318","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T02:28:24.338817Z","title":"Semantics at an angle: When cosine similarity works until it doesn’t","venue":"ArXiv.org","work_id":"72a006be-607f-4788-ae23-329d85f25910","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.18103","last_updated":"2026-06-16T16:03:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T16:49:32.540319Z","submitted_at":"2026-06-16T16:03:37Z","title":"HistoRAG: Embedding Historical Methodology in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Through Critical Technical Practice","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-06-27T00:26:05.175925Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.16318","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.18103"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2ae678f28d44e31b0f37a9cde259779a07b8ad9f1d3b49343f2e1eb8f5c9beb0","observation_id":"d2b4748b-e098-46ca-9fe2-f87fabc915be","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-24T01:24:02.473320Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.16318","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:16:58.500777Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.05857","last_updated":"2026-08-06T10:38:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T03:42:59.874995Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-06T10:38:13Z","title":"Mapping Similarity Spaces across Embedding Models with Synthetic Query Probing","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:16:58.500777Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.16318","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.05857"},"observation_digest":"sha256:84cd5d5ceef415222d11d0ec970e22903e710a2f34519d1643654ec41222b775","observation_id":"3a63939c-8236-4c3b-9a70-196c8eb6700d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:16:58.500777Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2504.16318/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2504.16318/integrity","json":"/paper/2504.16318/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.744520Z","title":"and Albanie, S","venue":null,"work_id":"bf97e734-7fce-49ac-a1b7-cd9c76989688","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.459250Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d3649bffde9517641835cd9286b45fbbecd2d4656b0bed59744e35e436e56614","observation_id":"f9541595-c2a2-4915-a403-c273b03c3925","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.747646Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.736047Z","title":"and Hinton, G","venue":null,"work_id":"20c7614b-2e00-4fab-8158-acd603f33c87","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.462842Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:424d3a210a494fe4db1f9d85efa30969d7fb4ddd02f3dfb68eff2ba90c825e4e","observation_id":"9c0d1567-3e91-463b-8a3e-0c2fb9773db8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.738822Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.727429Z","title":"N., Maes, L., Kobak, D","venue":null,"work_id":"96f41071-fcaa-49f7-ad4b-b6d88e4d5558","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.465578Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3e2a35a326398e58169eab2638337349c45e01b5b5df448b9271368b07f62ffa","observation_id":"5255cd97-a505-4e6e-beee-2b93f5cb29ee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.730437Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.718536Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"bdd85703-3797-42f1-af9e-11716c93493e","year":1953},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.468294Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:be4b25e155fad61878f27d6090e3597c88b592620e9d74b6ebe49dc989ae7f6f","observation_id":"c7135737-43c0-43d0-93b5-880d4e39244e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.721793Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.709061Z","title":"and Chen, D","venue":null,"work_id":"b9d0e108-ffdd-40ad-b7e6-601ec8e50843","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.470922Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7a72d084a900d66a7fcef1701c62e2d973b500a75e96211b84759492070ff388","observation_id":"60cb6b3b-0ed4-45a3-b1ed-370d8176e576","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.712115Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.699794Z","title":"H., Buchatskaya, E., Doersch, C., Pires, B","venue":null,"work_id":"45d71d6a-c084-45ba-9117-b4505dd36515","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.473595Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8d6090275d9c49e6b658b7ea1f6442df6f7c73012da5b5265f563b21e49d864f","observation_id":"dacc80e2-bb42-46c6-9c8a-07e23139bb0b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.702813Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.692290Z","title":"and Girshick, R","venue":null,"work_id":"6aaacc04-d9d4-4a1c-ad6a-2a84f15d89ca","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.477045Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:97a2834f8557843aceae550963fc51ece499c5fc585fa7b8db3726d284daca51","observation_id":"3c78c4a6-1a03-4925-a0ba-e76baae24149","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.694751Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.684877Z","title":"and Duerig, T","venue":null,"work_id":"a2be06cb-6aef-476d-b00e-5dcd64fa4e5a","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.479963Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:16e64703aa8210460fb6a4bee710b08841f77bdf52a38b86904d98c2b30b91f9","observation_id":"87b36831-db08-4911-8e59-b948450bfce6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.687343Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.677060Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"b14ea07f-adb6-4099-bf60-b07dfdfbb848","year":1997},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.484089Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6b2f2dd992e519648a544682ad5a48fbad493325e198f5bf35c8c16f8e52d989","observation_id":"5bd3a4f6-ee1b-4ba1-a5f8-fcb9bed0b3ed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.679666Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.669138Z","title":"and Gao, L","venue":null,"work_id":"3b2d688d-141f-4ca6-b247-5b8b881cd82f","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.487610Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0076e2710515cfe942c158b5202198d0924c3ae98fd6d19a264c219af5ed3c9b","observation_id":"11f1d1e8-28b8-428c-ab7d-3dfa55d4ef05","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.672029Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.660132Z","title":"and Mercer, R","venue":null,"work_id":"2d788ee1-8adf-40b4-8cbb-b2ef85a8d1f5","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.490787Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72d05c1b128688818d7d912cc4b09e2f81de84da88558c0d4bad6c9a771e01bd","observation_id":"0c02edcf-79a2-4866-af46-843e6d2f69a5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.663419Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.651165Z","title":"and Dean, J","venue":null,"work_id":"81e649f2-73f8-4ab4-bce9-bc4787487fc2","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.494509Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b683edde666af2f30da78d47b1e5f8972794bf853c7d2c8225ddda64160fa614","observation_id":"283682c5-5327-43a5-8180-94b655667705","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.654300Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.642726Z","title":"and Shimodaira, H","venue":null,"work_id":"d3f326d3-5c98-4f79-acf8-40a9d1fe37b4","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.497548Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ffc9f9e66b3e340f95098c96980d7436d1a42399a1bc56e724aef6a59394f4da","observation_id":"27a0e1ba-bf81-431e-996f-58cabf960a7b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.645265Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.634419Z","title":"and Manning, C","venue":null,"work_id":"6ce6c42d-7a76-4633-a8c8-b4e74202f254","year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.500717Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a1e7f0be3ed4ee8691be30c3da6fc9e84e12f40f051502f06751e759b095ec66","observation_id":"5b8cf8cc-a17f-4380-a5bf-028eb04d2dd1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.637104Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.625389Z","title":"W., Hallacy, C., Ramesh, A., Goh, G., Agarwal, S., Sastry, G., Askell, A., Mishkin, P., Clark, J., Krueger, G","venue":null,"work_id":"07b9ade3-fcb7-41c7-b94f-feb633e12002","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.504021Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:84bc3c3090cd0fc2ef216666b08416de0d009ae61d7160e5f3424eab6a582479","observation_id":"83529fae-7af3-4625-95d4-bb82c3b789aa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.629131Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.615826Z","title":"and Gurevych, I","venue":null,"work_id":"6f25ff69-59ff-4178-b3d3-a93e32103ac1","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.506386Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4d6c20b83cb1753966f9ef6b57adb3f98f8cfec2ff1d50c34c4ff303f0975fa0","observation_id":"ebe3c216-edcb-4da5-b73d-4476bcdf4756","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.618806Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.606625Z","title":"and Yang, C","venue":null,"work_id":"21bd997c-ab08-4eb8-89bb-38c6e2eadf0a","year":1975},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.508978Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:821d5422ec753ee0324a851f8afdcca21c55e460b613828873d4bb8f7ce2f14d","observation_id":"6fc502c7-6dbe-4fa5-ad05-eb0555d82c3c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.609639Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.597195Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"07e8030e-99a0-4c5e-af5f-3aff3ed2923c","year":1998},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.511234Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d19458dc6990049f0566d2077328ab71ef6237820ace2fb512ac949740f706ce","observation_id":"bfff01b5-152d-43fe-8dc6-7fbcfa6b2608","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.600516Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.586225Z","title":"and Isola, P","venue":null,"work_id":"2320255a-5243-444f-b803-4bd398049159","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.513440Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4281027d52626cb15de2152809fccb8d95a305dc3384a3783ef510aaaecbaca1","observation_id":"22e1024a-d845-4ef5-9e1a-ec6033228954","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.589142Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.577709Z","title":"and Inui, K","venue":null,"work_id":"f0608833-7f35-435a-8604-969076a626dc","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.515749Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6ccd8b0e57127d5d2dfe3de9d65f715e7bc0d9d32a05cadc0dbf60303e054f04","observation_id":"3e5a6d5e-3637-4d1d-9c62-ff961e6cee06","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.580505Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.569304Z","title":"and Suh, C","venue":null,"work_id":"7c7b9a68-4572-4eb4-a382-595f6935b68b","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.518224Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a843fc8015ea9331f494bb11e86115a5cb292d3c45a46426f51f815bb58015da","observation_id":"7268b61c-6ddd-4934-852e-6e75dbba10ab","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.572102Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.559437Z","title":"and Beyer, L","venue":null,"work_id":"420accd7-ee38-4a16-b976-68a13e5b28ea","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.520461Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6b1ba7260c16ce0c6533c3f3294c7ee39d745a16175b2ddfeb0fa70aa8bef7a4","observation_id":"02bc6fd1-f60d-4f1d-b6ba-6784a6193520","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.562625Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.548874Z","title":"and Juraf- sky, D","venue":null,"work_id":"3c7acc49-f77f-4863-b2e3-d4a748bebb3d","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't","version":3},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.523478Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2504.16318"},"observation_digest":"sha256:96c2000c7715d73cd826151cb8b866137ae8973e4761047f136d0f4e29dd21a6","observation_id":"24dc6828-0237-41c5-8769-540fb50098ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:10:28.553058Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.16318","last_updated":"2026-07-23T16:54:01Z","latest_version":3,"primary_category":"cs.LG","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T11:04:00.376756Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-22T23:31:32Z","title":"Semantics at an Angle: When Cosine Similarity Works Until It Doesn't"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":23,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":3,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":20},"total_outbound_references":23},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:59.297886+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-16T06:30:54.164669+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 16 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 23 of 23 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2504.16318."}