{"as_of":"2026-08-18T22:08:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:52956b61f452d42c340423379cb22e0a9a740ef8b37bc3b3040bc0995e34dd81","coverage":[{"denominator":3,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":3,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.704789Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":8,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":8,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":5,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":5,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-07-01T07:22:25.349398Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-07-01T20:56:14.383793Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2505.06108","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-01T20:56:14.383793Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.06108 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"92b40722-75d1-4448-b626-e2700b92a064","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.10718","last_updated":"2026-04-12T16:28:51Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:49:03.806779Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-12T16:28:51Z","title":"SciPredict: Can LLMs Predict the Outcomes of Scientific Experiments in Natural Sciences?","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-10T15:55:34.768853Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.06108","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.10718"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7adb66827967abbcd619bd41f5fa827784020ef22da26141cfe683b351c11ac3","observation_id":"9df7ae24-de2d-4e6d-aa4c-723214bf7c3f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T09:36:03.539063Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2505.06108","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-01T20:56:14.383793Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.06108 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"92b40722-75d1-4448-b626-e2700b92a064","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.00267","last_updated":"2026-05-04T18:25:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T14:46:07.258711Z","submitted_at":"2026-04-30T22:04:10Z","title":"Jailbroken Frontier Models Retain Their Capabilities","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-09T20:00:08.368799Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.06108","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.00267"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a24612137a68ee00fc886efb935ec56c50680da0d34314ca283bf1c9c28fcd07","observation_id":"d00520f4-7a1b-4d5b-94d1-cc18d34c07ad","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-11T15:26:09.868082Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2505.06108","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-01T20:56:14.383793Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.06108 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"92b40722-75d1-4448-b626-e2700b92a064","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.17324","last_updated":"2026-05-17T08:30:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-03T01:56:42.822957Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T08:30:45Z","title":"ASPI: Seeking Ambiguity Clarification Amplifies Prompt Injection Vulnerability in LLM Agents","version":1},"reference_index":70,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-19T23:54:15.987953Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.06108","citing_paper":"/paper/2605.17324"},"observation_digest":"sha256:83790656912c1300f70c7c7fcdd767af530dd2d576792a63b2e41884b91150eb","observation_id":"d469c0e9-8943-48d9-b21c-96b07c11237f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-19T23:57:53.412232Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2505.06108","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-01T20:56:14.383793Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.06108 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"92b40722-75d1-4448-b626-e2700b92a064","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.01145","last_updated":"2026-07-06T16:09:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-30T15:24:45.114962Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-31T10:27:18Z","title":"Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches","version":2},"reference_index":131,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-06-28T17:35:01.285534Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.06108","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.01145"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8b0cbaac54ad1e12a991d5aab64ae2bc1be6589b1be598d002d9920dab8fda28","observation_id":"910c8c4a-5df8-4c50-a517-639ea3aabbdb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T20:56:14.385451Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2505.06108","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-01T20:56:14.383793Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.06108 , year=","venue":null,"work_id":"92b40722-75d1-4448-b626-e2700b92a064","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2606.01145","last_updated":"2026-07-06T16:09:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-30T15:24:45.114962Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-31T10:27:18Z","title":"Reasoning4Sciences: Bridging Reasoning Language Models to All Scientific Branches","version":3},"reference_index":142,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-07-01T07:22:25.349398Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.06108","citing_paper":"/paper/2606.01145"},"observation_digest":"sha256:347ea895a37fa27306009755c09bb39c1e5881b5bd51bfeb96257b9500a7712c","observation_id":"c6330abf-11a0-4b2b-95f1-ec57577473f6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-07-01T08:35:33.897931Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2505.06108/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2505.06108/integrity","json":"/paper/2505.06108/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2505.06108"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.08774","last_updated":"2024-03-04T06:01:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T09:58:46.058102Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:15:04Z","title":"GPT-4 Technical Report","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.08774","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.694668Z","title":"GPT-4 Technical Report","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.694668Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.08774","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.06108"},"observation_digest":"sha256:430f28be2ecc643fbf75ef503f8f29c8c8c7f9608f164e43752f24a65f52e135","observation_id":"b9ae2163-0b41-4b66-a862-745112ac1a97","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.694668Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.15114","last_updated":"2025-05-27T03:32:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T16:49:37.896696Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T18:30:46Z","title":"RE-Bench: Evaluating frontier AI R&D capabilities of language model agents against human experts","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2411.15114","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.704789Z","title":"unspecialized humans","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.704789Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2411.15114","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.06108"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b3ff411e2d25f6ead479b3f7113bd604e090d159247f789a8c56808c155f001d","observation_id":"35d19ee8-5d53-4ede-b2c2-bd9c4fc69316","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.704789Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.10362","last_updated":"2024-07-17T17:28:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:51:32.041872Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-14T23:52:25Z","title":"LAB-Bench: Measuring Capabilities of Language Models for Biology Research","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.10362","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.700337Z","title":"[19] Li N, Pan A, Gopal A, Yue S, Berrios D, Gatti A, et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks","version":3},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.700337Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.10362","citing_paper":"/paper/2505.06108"},"observation_digest":"sha256:caf6304acfb12384b358cbe01d137311fe43a90272821aa62d9f97cc53a9f074","observation_id":"83ddcea1-d42d-4423-a05d-af507022d0f6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-15T22:50:49.700337Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.06108","last_updated":"2025-05-21T20:34:27Z","latest_version":3,"primary_category":"cs.LG","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T16:47:27.691640Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-09T15:05:57Z","title":"LLMs Outperform Experts on Challenging Biology Benchmarks"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":3,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":3,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":0},"total_outbound_references":3},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 18 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 3 of 3 outbound references and 5 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2505.06108."}