{"as_of":"2026-08-19T20:30:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:832f80bba349ee6fe1f99eca6551ba7234afd044e22bafcd0a80ac7a0e199049","coverage":[{"denominator":43,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":43,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.134427Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":44,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":44,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":1,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-05-25T08:12:09.352914Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-05-25T08:15:34.023791Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2506.02946","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"b96651a8-af74-444b-afc2-680a0790d28a","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.13731","last_updated":"2026-05-22T14:43:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T09:46:07.982876Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T13:56:20Z","title":"Robust Counterfactual Inference in Markov Decision Processes","version":5},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-05-25T08:12:09.352914Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.02946","citing_paper":"/paper/2502.13731"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f1c7a4b8df0d9ec1a89e5c8d225397d5968bbf9103d868a28ec45c5a91995a15","observation_id":"513e9a2e-8a04-4926-b91d-9bbe87e14ac5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-25T08:15:34.026208Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2506.02946/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2506.02946/integrity","json":"/paper/2506.02946/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.08468","last_updated":"2024-05-14T09:44:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T10:22:33.843002Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-14T09:44:52Z","title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Text Generation Explainability","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2405.08468","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2405.08468","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.022303Z","title":"Challenges and Opportunities in Text Generation Explainability","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"4539296c-0755-4c90-9dce-d7e1ebe390bc","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.205388Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.08468","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6b928a1fe550eee7d6b58669429823f091cd18f074c29d3ffae01ef48e0736d1","observation_id":"a388c3db-83a2-4cc0-a9d3-75cb4649b61f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.126445Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1612.08082","last_updated":"2018-07-10T08:16:55Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:57.813411Z","submitted_at":"2016-12-23T20:29:52Z","title":"Constructing Effective Personalized Policies Using Counterfactual Inference from Biased Data Sets with Many Features","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1612.08082","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1612.08082","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.866023Z","title":"Constructing Effective Personalized Policies Using Counterfactual Inference from Biased Data Sets with Many Features","venue":"stat.ML","work_id":"28348d33-dfd1-453f-b47c-0b6e135d94a6","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.288438Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1612.08082","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9b262e990187ccd7304c97aeee256fa16fafaa9efc351e92f81c76927536aba0","observation_id":"8106890a-0808-4468-9ed1-dab9e7a3d081","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.944396Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.403254Z","title":"Statistical Modeling: The Two Cultures (with comments and a rejoinder by the author)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2001},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.403254Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:90160954d0c66f9d2d4d8f119157d6d855f89b295a98675108c85d1b02e6be5b","observation_id":"ed990002-63b7-4d19-82c1-d37467fcf5c4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.403254Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.15818","last_updated":"2023-07-28T21:18:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:17:50.621617Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-28T21:18:02Z","title":"RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.15818","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.486320Z","title":"RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control, July 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.486320Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.15818","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:419872c7062cada62794c9106229093ebe3d37eeffd1c87c4702c7995790a39f","observation_id":"67591ada-ba60-482d-99ac-269cbac79d80","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.486320Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1811.06272","last_updated":"2018-11-15T10:08:58Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T05:50:28.481844Z","submitted_at":"2018-11-15T10:08:58Z","title":"Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda: Counterfactually-Guided Policy Search","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1811.06272","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.600990Z","title":"Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda: Counterfactually-Guided Policy Search","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.600990Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1811.06272","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a70e3a78f5712cde9130cf893bd6d99d8081762f81cde8e57e8f82030080818","observation_id":"0f884f10-7064-472f-ae7c-6d5cf1762f07","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.600990Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:08.916338Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"cd5d2904-9a2a-40b1-902c-231853b3ec4a","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.697650Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:54ba8a02268c76a7f3f5b08d3371f5f82d919e4cc199db747c68bb0c8a59cc6f","observation_id":"7555bfd4-00f0-41e2-b504-a9ac18e61f03","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:09.066648Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2409.17027","last_updated":"2025-03-24T19:05:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:15:27.528599Z","submitted_at":"2024-09-25T15:30:24Z","title":"Counterfactual Token Generation in Large Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2409.17027","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.774373Z","title":"Counterfactual Token Generation in Large Language Models, September 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.774373Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2409.17027","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9328f9f78afabed7559aca1f243c42fdf07f77fdecc54c362f339772b72a1116","observation_id":"9baf9f07-a516-4a61-ad5c-3e7ea76b21f4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.774373Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1901.09451","last_updated":"2019-01-27T22:36:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-19T18:38:35.689184Z","submitted_at":"2019-01-27T22:36:16Z","title":"Bias in Bios: A Case Study of Semantic Representation Bias in a High-Stakes Setting","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1901.09451","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.880516Z","title":"Bias in Bios: A Case Study of Semantic Representation Bias in a High-Stakes Setting, January 2019","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.880516Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1901.09451","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:71023789ff3027dd55f22bd95a128c11256c735c1533ae68414d2bd3fcf78087","observation_id":"8bdc55f4-3ac0-4288-b3f2-eefb474d11d7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.880516Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2005.00547","last_updated":"2020-06-03T00:31:11Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T08:22:21.965425Z","submitted_at":"2020-05-01T18:00:02Z","title":"GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2005.00547","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.984585Z","title":"GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions, June 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.984585Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2005.00547","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e696ee36bbbe953e09d4875b954a6a7b91eb8a3b66d52ec14335bec20b5340ea","observation_id":"f2ce6f27-64b6-415e-b1ef-c18ebcf43204","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:01.984585Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.094682Z","title":"Detecting Hallucinations in Large Language Models using Semantic Entropy","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.094682Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ae8b0bc5b5d47d7a4405295f268a7eedf01c2fdeac0736e83edac978095977b3","observation_id":"52fca099-a3c2-4d85-8cd8-39ed5cf6ac75","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.094682Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.21783","last_updated":"2024-11-23T23:27:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T17:20:44.002518Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-31T17:54:27Z","title":"The Llama 3 Herd of Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.21783","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.207586Z","title":"The llama 3 Herd of Models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.207586Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.21783","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f1929faf70d32800ec087ae733724881ab033dda591d5c1ab1c8df444aadcb94","observation_id":"a81c465e-95e7-4e1d-87c4-9c49c528e250","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.207586Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.00838","last_updated":"2024-06-07T21:59:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T12:46:02.488423Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-01T18:28:55Z","title":"OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Models","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.00838","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.287541Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.287541Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.00838","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f3f50b0049c55f33f67debef66c1541d22946c308054a893c3774ee36958237b","observation_id":"e74ea31b-6b79-4c99-89be-c1776867d05a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.287541Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.01680","last_updated":"2024-04-19T01:15:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T13:10:07.804621Z","submitted_at":"2024-01-21T23:36:14Z","title":"Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challenges","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.01680","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.363406Z","title":"Chawla, Olaf Wiest, and Xiangliang Zhang","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.363406Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.01680","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:04982c96991ca380710137d6060f29c394dfff157e9cf103dcedf73061ad20bd","observation_id":"4dfaaf2e-56cd-4181-973a-0d4f293e60de","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.363406Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:08.614304Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"fbf29971-a70b-4bc5-9f2f-9af77b084931","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.444274Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e41835c13de63d653714750528aa1fe89eb6c7c3359b64f22249d2eff1e175bb","observation_id":"3fcaae4d-c270-43a6-8236-a381cbb8c45b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:08.747543Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:08.298634Z","title":"Causes and Explanations: A Structural-Model Approach","venue":null,"work_id":"b4947dbc-80e3-4457-8f37-90bb686a794b","year":2005},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.641567Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1592070ff239c02ef448c72991af5f841b693a4312056c4bdbbedf25aa8c12e9","observation_id":"3d3f08d7-a0dd-4534-bbec-c6cede79581f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:08.417617Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.08514","last_updated":"2025-03-27T13:59:05Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:18:56.766680Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-13T15:10:30Z","title":"Counterfactual Influence in Markov Decision Processes","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2402.08514","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2402.08514","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.428282Z","title":"Counterfactual Influence in Markov Decision Processes","venue":"cs.AI","work_id":"2eab07e0-8351-4631-aa28-b3a69ef7f9d5","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.717121Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.08514","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fc7e48dfc57e195fc5057343382b3e041ff50a0f71e307b0a98932c7b3c8d1f8","observation_id":"dcc27d95-b3d0-414c-9431-f5bfe46ca1ca","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.501412Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.03718","last_updated":"2023-11-26T00:48:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T23:12:45.678783Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-26T00:48:12Z","title":"Large Language Models in Law: A Survey","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2312.03718","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.800266Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.800266Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2312.03718","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:64977b536fa3d5e0a3a1c5b8df0b1f6d7d4f96e1350144cac9143cc56c5ee661","observation_id":"2108f01d-c781-4298-a1ac-d1f4711ff02f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.800266Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.892817Z","title":"A* sampling.Advances in neural information processing systems, 27, 2014","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.892817Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:36f26c8b9fbaaed5f04b48a3425e95bc18a69303450bfd0f6d8fd2378543d785","observation_id":"f2fe25d9-6811-4dc4-99b4-caf14902a75f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.892817Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1905.10958","last_updated":"2019-11-20T07:54:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T08:53:08.995158Z","submitted_at":"2019-05-27T03:39:17Z","title":"Explainable Reinforcement Learning Through a Causal Lens","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1905.10958","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.012841Z","title":"Explainable Reinforcement Learning Through a Causal Lens, November 2019","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.012841Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1905.10958","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bda99c83ee89f808c7f38e12a2016359eb2d91877b91f7d80d2da040e63e21a3","observation_id":"3732d403-d8ca-4662-83e4-e837ad5c5f0e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.012841Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.088908Z","title":"Miao, Eduardo Rodriguez Almaraz, Madhumita Sushil, Atul J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.088908Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d03f8258ebffdf438457629276a0c05e6729912fa2030aa5192e6cd9eba8b6aa","observation_id":"4295ffd7-14eb-4b5a-91c6-ac375b9c44c4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.088908Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.179030Z","title":"Biases in Large Language Models: Origins, Inventory, and Discussion","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.179030Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e383406f979ccf077769eb05fef3afa69ec1f1b89db84d153ff6ee19c96e2322","observation_id":"9f525d9c-3561-4060-985c-4e0b339db870","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.179030Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:08.011445Z","title":"Counterfactual Off-Policy Evaluation with Gumbel-Max Structural Causal Models","venue":null,"work_id":"a820ab20-d6ab-4f04-9f53-f72676f8da85","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.258878Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4fcbf5055121cd905bd78315ac171110fd71e5d159dad26667f7b9c48e209bf9","observation_id":"82b20c4f-c969-47eb-b9d6-e95888d3d702","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:08.164468Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.815039Z","title":"Do the Rewards Justify the Means? Measuring Trade-Offs Between Rewards and Ethical Behavior in the Machiavelli Benchmark","venue":null,"work_id":"9cd7f7fd-6a04-471a-bf79-96401344646f","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.341600Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f0fd06b44c230d2d73c80542e4ea0a682b74e3fb40287b5f0c2722230572dcbe","observation_id":"e4248344-e8d0-4de1-a23f-7416573a5e7b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.916486Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.684065Z","title":"Causality","venue":null,"work_id":"742eaa3e-294f-4197-80e7-058f19cef2e8","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.449975Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eed0f0617d13e80b754bcc3d160e852b0ceca9a56b1c2d67ef4d91a7f3ad1f5a","observation_id":"cd3df091-1db9-4dd5-8509-44f083f95034","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.754283Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.491404Z","title":"Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners","venue":null,"work_id":"9eed49a7-746b-490f-a3d2-0b6dafccd3c6","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.561518Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1533539189704a0f9557becff3cc212de250d3c0ccd598efc7a0f1df9546c6fe","observation_id":"a2b4eac8-cec9-42eb-9c94-410ba1214edb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.582674Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.238157Z","title":"Gumbel Counter- factual Generation From Language Models","venue":null,"work_id":"d66ecdef-1aef-433c-b05a-ef2e3cbf7e03","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.648485Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:def21c4c6e5b8d4b046551964ab710a151651383cbf082784b5efe758a8f14dc","observation_id":"5f3b032d-7b12-4ba5-96b6-f9faf83f9c1f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.345868Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1908.10084","last_updated":"2019-08-27T08:50:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:02:11.716316Z","submitted_at":"2019-08-27T08:50:17Z","title":"Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1908.10084","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.748622Z","title":"Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.748622Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1908.10084","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7527abb8bedf688a9fe3a8d9a9f1705fed48002080fa8d454fba04cf0dd66bfe","observation_id":"70ed9eaf-631b-4c25-9beb-37ec2cbbfa06","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.748622Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.868088Z","title":"Escalation Risks from Language Models in Military and Diplomatic Decision-Making","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.868088Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:17efee7e80aa8e6c40954606407d7648521a65de62bb6e69afea947c9e603c98","observation_id":"419bf4ec-3467-47f7-8f3f-d46802add217","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.868088Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1910.01108","last_updated":"2020-03-01T02:57:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T19:07:36.327251Z","submitted_at":"2019-10-02T17:56:28Z","title":"DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lighter","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1910.01108","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.950992Z","title":"DistilBERT, a Distilled Version of BERT: Smaller, Faster, Cheaper and Lighter, 2020","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.950992Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1910.01108","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:506d68164aaf1185a94a512bda3bea305c5c17aff8d936f4e0c0c400e7a7ace5","observation_id":"7168747d-7689-456a-8a9d-f58efbfc2bee","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:03.950992Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.038653Z","title":"Representation Surgery: Theory and Practice of Affine Steering, July","venue":null,"work_id":"5770b216-dd6e-40b1-99c1-587e295a1a81","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.042605Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:24129d217802fd0e741e9ccf57cfefe5470fe4780dc7f839458fd84b79892934","observation_id":"ce56116e-8ab0-45ad-9dfd-9ba7377f6fc8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:07.130325Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.09136","last_updated":"2023-03-16T08:01:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T15:47:47.199200Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-16T08:01:22Z","title":"A Short Survey of Viewing Large Language Models in Legal Aspect","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.09136","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.214978Z","title":"A Short Survey of Viewing Large Language Models in Legal Aspect","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.214978Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.09136","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5187262a7fa5d8a22cf23815430c2cbaf9fb4af72cc9c577f8337987d5b685f0","observation_id":"22df3db4-ba71-469a-ac38-15feae8ce1e0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.214978Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.10537","last_updated":"2024-06-04T23:47:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:42:42.887676Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-16T11:47:58Z","title":"MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoning","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2311.10537","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.329338Z","title":"MedAgents: Large Language Models as Collaborators for Zero-shot Medical Reasoning, June 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.329338Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.10537","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5715436218bb6566a0d30b00a096911238c29fc05eca0100720dd994f2aa3475","observation_id":"1dbfa110-e324-4505-8d4a-c02a5164feda","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.329338Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.853087Z","title":"Probabilities of Causation: Bounds and Identification","venue":null,"work_id":"5402a626-7045-4189-a8e0-904dd05cf1dd","year":2000},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.431638Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cf2d08b3b4dd8675a2ac69150414be2379a46ac37e2801010c374d1c76967c7a","observation_id":"bbc07e58-7f28-4849-a192-98a5601fbc57","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.894310Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.03664","last_updated":"2023-12-13T20:13:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:37:04.121779Z","submitted_at":"2023-12-06T18:33:50Z","title":"Generative agent-based modeling with actions grounded in physical, social, or digital space using Concordia","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2312.03664","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.533120Z","title":"Generative Agent-Based Modeling with Actions Grounded in Physical, Social, or Digital Space using Concordia","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.533120Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2312.03664","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b01e88650dba3a0829d2d79ebb0d2302b731c69e42988fab4443d4dd6bb4b6d3","observation_id":"d6c632c0-a2d8-4465-b154-d6da7cd916e3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.533120Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.16291","last_updated":"2023-10-19T16:27:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T16:55:46.498156Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-25T17:46:38Z","title":"Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.16291","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.624078Z","title":"V oyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Models, October 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.624078Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.16291","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5884a12f75a24434e233ab7fc7ac7a6e0ca397178c1cf9edf0e32f6e836ab52f","observation_id":"a154ddc1-b662-45f4-892b-b0ff46b43883","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.624078Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2308.11432","last_updated":"2025-03-02T04:04:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T02:16:24.215789Z","submitted_at":"2023-08-22T13:30:37Z","title":"A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents","version":7},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2308.11432","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.715676Z","title":"A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.715676Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2308.11432","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f9206493d933c6111ac7f901c06342a9fc418121c67f1b0a2a36306a2178c420","observation_id":"eaa5b338-9c59-4bb2-8c88-fcf4420c4e51","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.715676Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.738698Z","title":"React: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models","venue":null,"work_id":"38e130ff-5485-44c0-a77e-ad23be084646","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.793467Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:26836cc885f360b480b76301de50e13d816f4c7bbb40591194c2bb65f43fc753","observation_id":"c2ab4542-2882-40ab-b9de-d8e5600e5b98","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.835304Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.17144","last_updated":"2023-06-01T09:18:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T02:27:56.530647Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-25T17:59:49Z","title":"Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memory","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.17144","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.860068Z","title":"Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memory, June 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.860068Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.17144","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:afd5949a5b1b7a5f8f02f030e7e3e5eb7339a3e7be137ce4dbc54d44d9366b61","observation_id":"b9928015-d104-4f09-bb77-7f1cac7e0378","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.860068Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.572584Z","title":"Formally, it calculates the number of instances where: argmax y′∈Y ′ { 1 |a′| Σ a∈a′ Pcf (y′ | a, s′)} ̸= y Where y is the abstraction value observation","venue":null,"work_id":"6ad73de5-9e76-4a3a-a2f1-9d7e8d7ad6d4","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.969937Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:64eb507b5924eafdf20658d9a8e6aa597c38cfc143100be119c2164be8603982","observation_id":"207d5d07-1737-49ef-9bbe-5b4a772c16cf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.650375Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.394911Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"a0880ec5-da0a-4f2f-afb6-ef75c8d61b02","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.060122Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4caad7aeae193c7f5a556c179693f1b9ca6eedae135fa864f2784ff4ab79d9a1","observation_id":"b61240cb-11e5-4585-a309-26d984ae85a1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.481878Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.226794Z","title":"Sex and Shared Desires,","venue":null,"work_id":"bdd4afc7-9b33-4651-b84b-041573841d16","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.134427Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6205e962cef46c3802dae809f550683e30f294a6a92ed544cb2f2b1fb7d8bfb9","observation_id":"dc433307-2440-47fa-8d9b-60327eca31dc","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:06.289466Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1412.2985","last_updated":"2014-12-09T14:58:58Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T23:08:19.315182Z","submitted_at":"2014-12-09T14:58:58Z","title":"Cause, Responsibility, and Blame: oA Structural-Model Approach","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"1412.2985","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"1412.2985","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.605726Z","title":"Cause, Responsibility, and Blame: oA Structural-Model Approach","venue":"cs.AI","work_id":"95e88a19-e0b1-45c0-bd2d-a557fd52b2ce","year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":2014,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:02.529229Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1412.2985","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:56a35f451bd44b0c6e26653fd6cb28fea422e6b55afeb7b8a62cbc7b4465eb0a","observation_id":"f8eac3b4-619b-44a3-8e5a-b8e72909d327","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:05.668395Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.09631","last_updated":"2025-06-04T06:03:19Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:18:28.421899Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-15T00:20:30Z","title":"Representation Surgery: Theory and Practice of Affine Steering","version":7},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.09631","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.138644Z","title":"arXiv:2402.09631 [cs]","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents","version":1},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.138644Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.09631","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.02946"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e35a0d299016013a8ca854fcb4e8c248c1f9d212d51f1b694dd8be55b2216ddd","observation_id":"3ced9724-1cd6-4751-898a-e79042ab31e9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T11:25:04.138644Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.02946","last_updated":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.LG","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T11:45:10.598301Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-03T14:44:26Z","title":"Abstract Counterfactuals for Language Model Agents"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":43,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":2,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":27,"verified_exact":2,"verified_fuzzy":11},"total_outbound_references":43},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:44.657259+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-19T06:32:39.956319+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2506.02946."}