{"as_of":"2026-08-11T04:35:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:c2e205b234071796ad236792be5a73f48f37be93b75b4c25c45d8262b3c86bce","coverage":[{"denominator":47,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":47,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.184797Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":47,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":47,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2506.07540/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2506.07540/integrity","json":"/paper/2506.07540/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.956159Z","title":"Active road user interactions with autonomous vehicles: Proactive safety as- sessment","venue":null,"work_id":"6a492b87-f1a6-4e7d-b7d8-43251ecc667a","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.953799Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4f2edf611fe7f3ecb0cc8b3105e05a3282a094aec1e9e7441471b22bb910c7e8","observation_id":"be7acd56-15bf-4d7c-b7db-2242a2a16ff5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.961538Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.939845Z","title":"Safety assessment of autonomous cars using verification tech- niques","venue":null,"work_id":"55ba2739-f307-4b16-95f2-08ddb4fafb3d","year":2007},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.960636Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:98bd964e7e6d6e588d16987b503121e3de44230785e4011acff6f5c0565aa64e","observation_id":"b33fcacc-fa5e-4f35-ba08-a9a0bc5e6a27","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.944889Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.922031Z","title":"Proba- bilistic collision estimation system for autonomous vehicles","venue":null,"work_id":"8faf3f5d-2333-4307-ac58-68cb170c8b79","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.965846Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3f91f51e6f6924e840ff1f3bb5f1174d102280b364bce8c96b5a381656b1bc04","observation_id":"abce1b1c-5580-4f88-a494-3c83000c5aa3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.927909Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.903995Z","title":"Methodological challenges of scenario genera- tion validation: a rear-end crash-causation model for virtual safety assessment","venue":null,"work_id":"7f20f661-8aa7-47e6-bfb8-6c1efe1b5db9","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.971094Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:17fd6f80f53221203b2830f71e56d18adb493769fb30603b9f505281035e2268","observation_id":"d5eeaaa1-5210-4840-b7dc-bf8a860c6a5c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.910166Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.887022Z","title":"The economic and societal impact of motor vehicle crashes, 2019","venue":null,"work_id":"accb53da-e107-4a22-831f-2c202fba19fa","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.976192Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:40f40ea610728514333fd7b63aa70df7eeaf4158c90f08d786f1c3614379a75c","observation_id":"91569d27-5a5d-4ec1-b454-1412672d3196","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.892149Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.869788Z","title":"Residual crush energy partitioning, normal and tangential en- ergy losses","venue":null,"work_id":"e3e15a0f-f6f6-4600-9093-9eceebd9fe1d","year":2008},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.981220Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c188d85267edc8b695bcf21a3fb0267d2c658e0d5ea5f0843c12f404a7ba58ab","observation_id":"c5b2d370-e286-4003-ab95-e0bba13820db","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.874616Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.853851Z","title":"An evaluation of bicycle- specific agility and reaction times in mountain bikers and road cyclists","venue":null,"work_id":"737ce5ac-553d-4125-b01b-2d54d040b6ed","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.986184Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a4219447ab700fac621e7e5818a1fbc0bfc03418ffff709724ab4538c944e43a","observation_id":"961ad0fa-5280-4014-8878-66e316f78a3f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.859015Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.837150Z","title":"Counterfactual simulations applied to shrp2 crashes: The ef- fect of driver behavior models on safety benefit estimations of intelligent safety systems","venue":null,"work_id":"bf127b7c-8c4d-4c80-bd23-82f6efc67622","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.991480Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0cc9c6681dd113106811c0c1abdba6f8738ec3de7f7ac6ccc85319bf9d24046e","observation_id":"50adfb5b-4d2c-452d-bb27-b18b2e00088a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.842512Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.996008Z","title":"nuscenes: A multi- modal dataset for autonomous driving","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.996008Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5373fb8a800b0a80bfb9fa196f09e734707fd769c8143ece2a7aca79ea3daa00","observation_id":"88ef0197-d36b-402a-8569-df22d05a3ac9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:52.996008Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.811040Z","title":"Cummings and Ben Bauchwitz","venue":null,"work_id":"be654a24-8710-4043-be2b-982e3d970f44","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.001148Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9c06b7810989f7cd2c63fc086209a86f6ea495a57cc11d41d669d8803796565f","observation_id":"5f0d2761-5a54-4943-a6b6-6ab5b0b56757","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.815738Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.793691Z","title":"Muttart, Darlene E","venue":null,"work_id":"ea468950-525e-42ce-895e-7893faadd904","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.006183Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:21d81936422190706ea31d6b121f9b09d175edcb339ff3d4f09249588d65dae1","observation_id":"ec2ee57f-1c72-4e6e-b9c9-a5d22d17973d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.798984Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.776480Z","title":"Modeling road user response timing in naturalistic traffic conflicts: A surprise-based framework","venue":null,"work_id":"5dd90460-a172-4be1-90cc-f86354408d9c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.010895Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a0d9f6fa866eb32a4c9d7611f6eaf2c22f87dde0974d5fe50bc6520431387e10","observation_id":"b036dfbb-1b10-4e37-81bb-a493e670f9a4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.781740Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.761037Z","title":"Description of the shrp 2 naturalistic database and the crash, near-crash, and baseline data sets","venue":null,"work_id":"0d7681b4-49df-41e1-a5b4-a2ee774cd55d","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.015974Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e5a4eacffb59c921d42c021d9417fb6f4e6068a2424c67526fc7d434e418f75a","observation_id":"e9a88196-7b93-4365-94c3-a7f33a95b7e5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.765877Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.745127Z","title":"A new com- putational perceived risk model for automated vehicles based on potential collision avoidance difficulty (pcad)","venue":null,"work_id":"71b82e5a-f300-4350-b2a9-36dcf71e96ee","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.020707Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aa46c4947bd67cc841460608cfdfd600fc22360eae834be8a83f890dad85b3fd","observation_id":"f5133cd3-835c-4eec-a4e5-56980aa9e646","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.750261Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.17080","last_updated":"2023-09-29T09:20:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T16:25:21.571679Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-29T09:20:37Z","title":"GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.17080","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.025648Z","title":"Gaia-1: A generative world model for au- tonomous driving","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.025648Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.17080","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dab0686cd6676b989a66345a4b8b3e6fc651e0376890596b1da3ee7ad0ec5825","observation_id":"f2f2aebc-cd71-44e1-9c45-f0e9b5399763","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.025648Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.729617Z","title":"Emergency braking performance of motorcycle riders: skill identification in a real-life perception-action task designed for training purposes","venue":null,"work_id":"0cef97aa-e058-46d1-9af4-559814413d39","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.030856Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:56da1e7df18c046b7cd8e4cfb23d89a813cc5926080849817b535915611874d0","observation_id":"bcbf0d78-ff2e-4cce-977c-ec7b7940a046","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.734739Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.713772Z","title":"Road vehicles — safety of the intended functionality","venue":null,"work_id":"cee561df-85b1-4552-b061-063ea3d044fc","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.036080Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:74a2b92dce058a21282f021049a1a38c8cd7c30a64d45d0b8a574c8421e9efe8","observation_id":"3bbcf2aa-aece-49bf-b0fe-bb2f2dd2d260","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.718918Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.697541Z","title":"Road vehicles — functional safety","venue":null,"work_id":"b828f7ec-e5b8-4d02-ae24-5ba53a6dc464","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.040854Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7d2fc2e742b638df41751ac1c530f138146e6f94e292e8ac26d4d64093c87212","observation_id":"69d25997-1a32-4e72-8903-962e58a55d43","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.702867Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.680880Z","title":"Road vehicles — safety and arti- ficial intelligence","venue":null,"work_id":"bfda9a8b-d3f4-4a27-9cb3-6877393ccf8e","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.045688Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:912522f241b1c99632b2772677f052e08e82640f2d209b352c38d9633c965380","observation_id":"6ea71b7e-56c9-43e8-a1d1-e5088ffa76d1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.685914Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.665351Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"d4556d33-da13-4e76-8872-ad7a95b54d62","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.050328Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:aeb8dec8aa4cfabadc0cd14b0187317bf7fe34f5ed2d1de9c578a58ea7534899","observation_id":"265b7ab0-901d-4897-9cc5-9525e4060eba","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.670070Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.649358Z","title":"Evaluation of autonomous driving safety by operational de- sign domains (odd) in mixed traffic","venue":null,"work_id":"51f36d0f-107b-4621-9262-1a57d51a8a0a","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.055197Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c33aa7c3932fe8a94a70dee67c416db88cb6a725044410849582571ccf3a20fc","observation_id":"01c894a6-a089-4c80-84bf-a782008c94c8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.654462Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.632521Z","title":"Human-like driving behaviour emerges from a risk-based driver model","venue":null,"work_id":"a5774300-7627-42e6-8c72-8fd665e75902","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.060005Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6474b5fad6cbb85aea03700f19d81f57a5cc9e883bde7647ea7e7d2052eaa259","observation_id":"224a54ed-55a6-416e-9de6-c5d023f6a76f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.638680Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.616798Z","title":"Breaking the tyranny of net risk metrics for automated vehicle safety","venue":null,"work_id":"8c0c866c-5a68-44d9-a63a-c063c4535283","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.064912Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4e6c830f62d55d8bcf92a7421c5a5357b4859f305076e31d990f0634d18e0963","observation_id":"0a63d3be-e4bc-4879-8ae4-4872765b10ca","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.621844Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.601064Z","title":"Kusano, Kurt Beatty, Scott Schnelle, Francesca Favaro, Cam Crary, and Trent Victor","venue":null,"work_id":"32eb95f9-ac5f-4ef7-aa03-6524793aca12","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.069613Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4bd43895057dbc883aed6481329eae6fdf9ebdfe413a95da3bf47342b2290c8c","observation_id":"c7024e62-4f42-472f-a163-d63acbe4a146","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.606178Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.584588Z","title":"Framework for a conflict typology including contributing factors for use in ads safety evaluation","venue":null,"work_id":"aa23e3d2-9d6b-4188-8a7c-01f53db45b03","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.074399Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3cbc0e171643c38ee124cd0c9c6fad22549fb7b801997319f5abd7e8614f0730","observation_id":"c11e412e-e3b8-4b3e-a8b2-02274b48ee4d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.590112Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.569370Z","title":"Modular vehicle sensing, assisting con- nected system, 2022","venue":null,"work_id":"53fe5a62-7790-4328-ae59-027a30a40bde","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.078932Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:88016f4cb21556342406ae40ee8f23e89558acc5b07a5082d484f82884a16b82","observation_id":"3a0a912d-573f-4774-b8a6-19242cb10dc6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.574359Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.553999Z","title":"Formal validation of probabilistic collision risk estimation for autonomous driv- ing","venue":null,"work_id":"48e0cbf5-aec5-49d4-a1a5-8b09e539df25","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.084192Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9d38b9c697942974525dec98b04d571a421809a754bb011055b3c1ded33c6a4f","observation_id":"196e0543-08e6-4ed2-9291-a5fddc0c5038","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.559084Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.537226Z","title":"A method for predicting crash configurations using counterfac- tual simulations and real-world data","venue":null,"work_id":"b58dd3a2-00cb-4491-a1e7-9fbb69c345e6","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.089171Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c86b508af83ea63606d22e272490d6a5b4523fceffe714bf80b87d2510886bf7","observation_id":"1c79877b-8c58-42cd-9e01-04297ac6d566","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.542117Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.521854Z","title":"Learning autonomous vehicle safety concepts from demonstrations","venue":null,"work_id":"2729258c-afe7-4c04-9068-323e0f56a74f","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.093941Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c8c647dbb5e217d6881bf8c856e27af4835b7a19d2059f217f63cf632809e254","observation_id":"0b3f202c-e4b9-4b85-b161-1f06b82a2401","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.526883Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.505777Z","title":"A farewell to brake reaction times? kinematics-dependent brake response in naturalistic rear-end emergencies","venue":null,"work_id":"0e04ab47-654d-41be-9ebe-5ef2829fa2e6","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.099001Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eef1a77fccc29e2a1db549389175bd659c35a0887b67d3bd6f928caa7d4acd4d","observation_id":"97169ef8-0eb7-4b4f-a66b-e6d35aa4261a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.511174Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.489804Z","title":"Fuzzy surro- gate safety metrics for real-time assessment of rear-end colli- sion risk","venue":null,"work_id":"b3b2ec9b-967f-49f0-a9eb-b9a03e0963f1","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.103827Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4eac749ebdb66f5c83481d7f93126695dfb3cc326218c0a704b0bd1eecafdec7","observation_id":"e9a6addb-04bc-408c-8ec7-7bf3051a5ec2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.495002Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.474279Z","title":"Assessing and explaining collision risk in dynamic environments for autonomous driving safety","venue":null,"work_id":"42ec6db1-98f9-4d31-9c3d-5fcf2c9cd421","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.109749Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:068c7aef7d335d941b0616243f258793395cede7b73c40c5044bf0b4c9ced6d1","observation_id":"2b4ba2a6-679a-4172-aebf-6cb930fc2615","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.479219Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.458950Z","title":"Val- idation of human benchmark models for automated driving system approval: How competent and careful are they really? Accident Analysis and Prevention, 213:107922, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":"e1ff6eca-5c25-4f83-963e-8f910949d28a","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.114944Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:373db4227cbb667bc0be4ec921e1d624ac89dd79e2d1816e1c0c46f2509bd0ce","observation_id":"4164cd91-5c62-4406-a7f7-985b3439e351","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.464179Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.443190Z","title":"Passenger car safety beyond adas: defining remain- ing accident configurations as future priorities","venue":null,"work_id":"6860943a-d21b-4905-8db3-55ede3cb03eb","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.120284Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:684faefd3bdea89e4c96a30cf8a44de07c082396f0def2a25766b1b0579ebcf9","observation_id":"a4ea6ede-bebb-46ad-a98f-d0d409c29c0e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.448536Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.427957Z","title":"Modeling driver risk perception on city roads using deep learning","venue":null,"work_id":"286873c3-e3b8-4323-bc53-8b7cc8e4694a","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.125261Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7d585554c45a4cd61f0e81a0377b05e0f49ad5388722d60b2fe2dc2026739c18","observation_id":"e527dd80-eeee-4388-9365-5bc9e0f9781e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.433029Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.412733Z","title":"Scanlon, Kristofer D","venue":null,"work_id":"eec1510a-1312-472b-a477-036ac3ace015","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.130389Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:46f97280f5246702977c77732a22666952a05967a42b452b1910a39f6ae7a3bb","observation_id":"89e5ff3d-5608-4609-aeb9-5ff354f69f9b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.417328Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2011.00038","last_updated":"2020-10-30T18:35:42Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T05:53:03.392523Z","submitted_at":"2020-10-30T18:35:42Z","title":"Waymo Public Road Safety Performance Data","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2011.00038","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.135401Z","title":"Waymo public road safety performance data","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.135401Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2011.00038","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:86a05f6cb3869a743cfb2968ebd564ce8b5deb64589e8f68f10ab3fa72a803b4","observation_id":"c09cbc57-0052-4043-bdac-450f1a9505a7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.135401Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1708.06374","last_updated":"2018-10-27T09:10:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T05:56:07.592346Z","submitted_at":"2017-08-21T18:22:19Z","title":"On a Formal Model of Safe and Scalable Self-driving Cars","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1708.06374","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.140707Z","title":"On a formal model of safe and scalable self-driving cars","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.140707Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1708.06374","citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c038bfe6a67de3e72d050941682342a350967c086231dcd4c41d19dc5ad34b07","observation_id":"4ab514b2-52b7-4258-8786-b73309a50fcb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.140707Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.396920Z","title":"Wijayaratna, Navreet Virdi, and Vinayak Dixit","venue":null,"work_id":"ffcaedf7-f35d-4f47-8d2c-0bd1c495f5eb","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.145740Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ce9cac5ddd2eb86d0cffb5f9d1908e074250a7591871f6eebef82e16191e7195","observation_id":"02d76665-e174-487e-a2aa-9280a4d435db","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.401875Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.380615Z","title":"Risk control is not risk adjustment: the zero-risk theory of driver behaviour and its implications","venue":null,"work_id":"4c1558b4-06ae-4b48-9fe2-f4ff08852306","year":1988},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.151200Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bdb1f49313661e43f1ae19fe154937b7362b49b470cfa6099753c1fb8cb02d12","observation_id":"4575cd96-2fb8-4ceb-8bc7-856526d40b62","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.386059Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.363763Z","title":"Integrated safety: Es- tablishing links for a comprehensive virtual tool chain","venue":null,"work_id":"f0980545-6c86-446e-b998-77fc99d0889f","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.156256Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e6cf048498ff6a16c57b2a15c7850070777c108f443f05743ee24df963225ea9","observation_id":"f8ff7b81-917e-4a83-8b36-1851630827f2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.368829Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.346820Z","title":"Safety of autonomous vehicles.Journal of advanced transportation, 2020(1):8867757, 2020","venue":null,"work_id":"134d4a27-6632-43ef-b47f-98e6be7d170a","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.160972Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5fcbb11634a4f37fcde7366f7567f815f0996c3cb6fcd1284ee9f14763dc1655","observation_id":"76fed1b3-54a4-4d7d-a263-e2393e577e23","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.352648Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.330440Z","title":"Criticality metrics for automated driving: A review and suitability analysis of the state of the art","venue":null,"work_id":"f0467e86-6604-486f-9239-2ce62cb56c3a","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.165780Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fd9b635456b70e4b5a37a77a3a4141d04d37b8bba36e6330fa8e96c1298f2060","observation_id":"9f88bdc0-7cb4-4624-95d8-ccd645c19b14","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.335629Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.314366Z","title":"Harmonized approaches for baseline creation in prospective safety performance assess- ment of driving automation systems","venue":null,"work_id":"d929e750-09d2-41dc-9120-7a6ae13d22b3","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.170347Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f58cceee90ee706cb60e348c71a1ed62b7d2e3939cad326a475487524bc2d888","observation_id":"207975c2-577d-40aa-b910-20a7025f1d4c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.319469Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.298373Z","title":"Exploring the in- fluence of simulated road environments on cyclist behavior","venue":null,"work_id":"aaedcc4f-17b4-47ac-b72a-6415247e8b7c","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.175232Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2ca44b1a406dadce8d723cc04567833ee22111cae2be0ef33694519402479b7d","observation_id":"67ab86a7-834e-4bac-802b-594e19ba2fdb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.303342Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.179988Z","title":"Unisim: A neural closed-loop sensor simulator","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":46,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.179988Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d396dbb86a1115e2222d9596867a8676f353921e5d55b53502c1c614aee3dce0","observation_id":"d18379e2-99d2-48f0-b4e2-22981dd33972","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.179988Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.267989Z","title":"How would autonomous vehicles behave in real-world crash scenarios? Accident Analysis and Prevention , 202: 107572, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":"dbcc30d5-0bb0-4db7-913a-35458f9ee2ab","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations","version":1},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.184797Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2506.07540"},"observation_digest":"sha256:44cab26900bc0b105cd0f2942ba0266b4a86d7ec5ce307610a1581c091541894","observation_id":"94353861-7a9b-47de-90da-7c1ba3c8561e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-07T05:37:53.275294Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.07540","last_updated":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.RO","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T19:47:25.506544Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-09T08:27:04Z","title":"Fractional Collisions: A Framework for Risk Estimation of Counterfactual Conflicts using Autonomous Driving Behavior Simulations"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":47,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":6,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":41},"total_outbound_references":47},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 11 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 47 of 47 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2506.07540."}