{"as_of":"2026-08-19T02:49:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:8ac77f583cb5bdfa7e6e5fe64a9a5c40535c5adccac15234f1492403f8d90001","coverage":[{"denominator":39,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":39,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.579702Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":39,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":39,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2507.03958/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2507.03958/integrity","json":"/paper/2507.03958/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.08774","last_updated":"2024-03-04T06:01:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T09:58:46.058102Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:15:04Z","title":"GPT-4 Technical Report","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.08774","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.465058Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774 (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.465058Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.08774","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2d58fcd2d19ad0a1efae5a935cd1e0b25386212f939a8fc3ef513a1ed98a5d61","observation_id":"854ebd98-5a8b-4819-8084-2373e1ac9ced","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.465058Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.16609","last_updated":"2023-09-28T17:07:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T21:25:20.369782Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-28T17:07:49Z","title":"Qwen Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.16609","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.468699Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16609 (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.468699Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.16609","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0b642ac187b40355f83549917db74b6cccc9093a11e9cb3c1e2b4bfef459cc33","observation_id":"442a03af-8834-4075-beb5-808e332791f1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.468699Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.13923","last_updated":"2025-02-19T18:00:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:17:22.593941Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-19T18:00:14Z","title":"Qwen2.5-VL Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.13923","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.472168Z","title":"5-vl technical report","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.472168Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.13923","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c337eff83d0db1de003e5e44551ae71c3c32dcb865df341463b980740a1565f8","observation_id":"85fcf197-7ed4-4f6e-9db9-41b56a4998e2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.472168Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.05961","last_updated":"2024-08-21T22:46:05Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:02:33.067745Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-09T02:51:05Z","title":"LLM2Vec: Large Language Models Are Secretly Powerful Text Encoders","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2404.05961","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.475130Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.05961 (2024)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.475130Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.05961","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5123fcbc2d19422bacd8a1bd0392f71846574f088bb70331e5d150541fe5569d","observation_id":"2568b648-a23e-4253-8467-396b7b21aff0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.475130Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.905161Z","title":"In: Advances in Information Retrieval: 38th European Conference on IR Research","venue":null,"work_id":"20805387-98e8-49a7-9a69-d178078b6412","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.478412Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:080ebe8a379447352588a939011644e8ef18ab606b1cd66139c6079ab1d3b669","observation_id":"f031fbda-1606-4f42-996e-f51da30b3914","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.908341Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2002.03932","last_updated":"2020-02-10T16:44:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T12:46:12.882276Z","submitted_at":"2020-02-10T16:44:00Z","title":"Pre-training Tasks for Embedding-based Large-scale Retrieval","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2002.03932","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.481375Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.03932 (2020)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.481375Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2002.03932","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e1cd126ffd6dc5f5c8a54fa7300c2bdacfea2399e414ddc439304da636151aa5","observation_id":"782d666d-0c22-4f5a-be24-b4b23c80962d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.481375Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2004.07180","last_updated":"2020-05-20T17:39:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T22:58:29.171734Z","submitted_at":"2020-04-15T16:05:51Z","title":"SPECTER: Document-level Representation Learning using Citation-informed Transformers","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2004.07180","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.484691Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.07180 (2020)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.484691Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2004.07180","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ecc3faae4f7dc7c5f55cee948886fd9ec836ab3bd6f403883cc19bab3677cbd0","observation_id":"821fab9f-c30e-4a1d-945f-c60c95e91154","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.484691Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2003.07820","last_updated":"2020-03-18T16:56:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T13:25:09.780441Z","submitted_at":"2020-03-17T17:12:36Z","title":"Overview of the TREC 2019 deep learning track","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2003.07820","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.487779Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.07820 (2020)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.487779Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2003.07820","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d31506b4f7d50423503ff4fd48e900cdf69a78d5f2af76976804733d90664d67","observation_id":"aa52116a-6c79-4f07-9587-f1bb80831c44","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.487779Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2108.05540","last_updated":"2021-08-12T05:20:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T18:03:42.000052Z","submitted_at":"2021-08-12T05:20:27Z","title":"Unsupervised Corpus Aware Language Model Pre-training for Dense Passage Retrieval","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2108.05540","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.490750Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.05540 (2021)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.490750Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2108.05540","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9781d657b767e35968391d5af164ab5b278148dc784a64ed15d2127935fdf187","observation_id":"4f1b0bb5-1ece-43d3-bc62-2da0b30ac764","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.490750Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.12948","last_updated":"2026-01-04T03:57:36Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T12:33:55.451951Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-22T15:19:35Z","title":"DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2501.12948","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.493634Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2501.12948 (2025)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.493634Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2501.12948","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1f3314f31b5d0f8ae96039b7bda68ec1cf8ef78f76f62acbb863dca215ee405c","observation_id":"635d2b74-bdc5-49a0-afc9-1125d7d68ad7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.493634Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.895987Z","title":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS) 40(4), 1–42 (2022)","venue":null,"work_id":"84ce282c-fc3d-439f-a87e-785cfb2c7c82","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.496634Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e2bdf63fcf188b21a9930e78d379ff0707ebc1f475acb1ef6ede974b91b2b8f5","observation_id":"4b0a2e28-b1ba-4f94-a6b6-8f41dc9ca005","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.899179Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.887480Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","venue":null,"work_id":"3febfe14-90cf-4ea0-a3f9-2d1936094be7","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.499523Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b6c2c2e70eed87f14e0839558f564d2594382d28fcc2a9c74d9624215aa74e91","observation_id":"828e5854-a771-42c8-ba38-e8301f4a5603","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.890502Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2105.09938","last_updated":"2021-11-08T21:16:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T15:19:05.440904Z","submitted_at":"2021-05-20T17:58:42Z","title":"Measuring Coding Challenge Competence With APPS","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2105.09938","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.502472Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.09938 (2021)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.502472Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2105.09938","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:275a250acd9583273e56505f4d3dee8a6b844e7ed47c7ca520395ac3a7ea41c1","observation_id":"eb2ed3e7-5690-41ed-b2a7-23b6d2001876","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.502472Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2105.13239","last_updated":"2021-05-27T15:37:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T18:21:45.834526Z","submitted_at":"2021-05-27T15:37:21Z","title":"CoSQA: 20,000+ Web Queries for Code Search and Question Answering","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2105.13239","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.505285Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2105.13239 (2021)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.505285Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2105.13239","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c90a048b41903f5cf3d3ae6f34ae2367e2e32b9ff51c654730b9f0fa4b17452b","observation_id":"e330e38d-9028-4140-9315-1f93a01225f5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.505285Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2409.12186","last_updated":"2024-11-12T13:24:25Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-09-18T17:57:57Z","title":"Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Report","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2409.12186","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.508271Z","title":"5-coder technical report","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.508271Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2409.12186","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9f34f629b64f852caae390e75f0dd392287af8dea2a8ef24731cd87832111cf6","observation_id":"231c3b37-334b-471c-8790-764fba8d7ce1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.508271Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.09436","last_updated":"2020-06-08T09:09:28Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-15T20:39:17.343191Z","submitted_at":"2019-09-20T11:52:45Z","title":"CodeSearchNet Challenge: Evaluating the State of Semantic Code Search","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1909.09436","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.511259Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.09436 (2019)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.511259Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1909.09436","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:65555da63db8855457f8312d24cc51ab262e6823539cb642c9d8bb700c541766","observation_id":"a885932a-c481-429c-a065-c8b4ff2331ac","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.511259Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.879153Z","title":"In: EMNLP (1)","venue":null,"work_id":"11f15d37-0153-4b3f-8e74-45bf7f045010","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.514060Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72a113bd7ed073803807867f12136c3dd5680890c78895d637b6af49d1698d64","observation_id":"ff1a4a88-5efc-41aa-aab4-85cc7e92ef59","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.881925Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.870583Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 62nd Annual MeetingoftheAssociationforComputationalLinguistics(Volume1:LongPapers)","venue":null,"work_id":"70350564-60fd-407e-9a5a-269d62cd0a22","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.516788Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ea4b84d87e7b4301692c679161c49e16c57b37deb6324e4583bc6f52ba9a003","observation_id":"3a919080-33dd-415b-aa22-1dc15f126c9c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.873466Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.02883","last_updated":"2025-06-06T03:39:22Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:37:29.391352Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-03T07:58:20Z","title":"CoIR: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Code Information Retrieval Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.02883","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.519551Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.02883 (2024) 12 Hengran Zhang et al","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.519551Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.02883","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:34717c21a04beef9f1397be1db7118a4a74d694181d1e054d9accd079434cecb","observation_id":"4aee729d-b5c4-48cb-a4a1-c6a3b465c109","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.519551Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.19437","last_updated":"2025-02-18T17:26:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T18:18:37.449517Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-27T04:03:16Z","title":"DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2412.19437","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.522521Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.19437 (2024)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.522521Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.19437","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f77081d2e5d5ae15f1a2aeb9420ca79555eacdfc85a16f4d5f58de6b4fbf901d","observation_id":"cc30461a-a760-4c12-91cc-f12ca4ed34cd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.522521Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.862043Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on web search and data mining","venue":null,"work_id":"4fe4eb35-c88e-4ae4-93dd-36191f116456","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.525716Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:98c64f53b08a7c220f5745c5ff7d32dda19cfc91ff17caeb34ba7627d6553215","observation_id":"6cb00321-186f-4ed3-91ff-413dbd228898","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.865043Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.528467Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 47th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.528467Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e3495706886561c40a017e3b0b6f0489e0a368af3b6accb31eb1bed493b5b80c","observation_id":"676ee17f-ef23-4ab2-b5f7-9dec4f94e8a9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.528467Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.848051Z","title":"In: Companion proceedings of the the web conference 2018","venue":null,"work_id":"1398fd3d-2693-4114-8ae5-da498a83161b","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.531268Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6d22952c0ec37b636cb491bc19e49497062171d5ae2a926da6d01239ba8591a7","observation_id":"73bf5755-79d0-4808-b843-43d965e8d04f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.851147Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.534060Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.534060Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6db3d5a3ad8fb324a43eaafa7c96d4191ee27190c78fecd7bd776a3169b12f57","observation_id":"6f3bfc7c-a70b-4f2b-b225-09996e9e046b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.534060Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2010.08191","last_updated":"2021-05-12T07:52:32Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T01:12:01.762158Z","submitted_at":"2020-10-16T06:54:05Z","title":"RocketQA: An Optimized Training Approach to Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2010.08191","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.536736Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.08191 (2020)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.536736Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2010.08191","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f60e404900e72ecd8d098dc1d7824a9807e63b3679161ffcea1f14c362ffbe05","observation_id":"ff23b9f7-be72-4646-8054-f3142a55b78d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.536736Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.539895Z","title":"Foundations and Trends® in Information Retrieval 3(4), 333–389 (2009)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.539895Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:014756e63802bdcb5a86b46b1bc58783b089c434717323f2b1f0d8f5cb49cc23","observation_id":"9137360b-40ce-4309-a23e-7472a8a64c0c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.539895Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.15449","last_updated":"2025-09-07T18:50:16Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T02:20:14.983317Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-23T17:25:10Z","title":"Repetition Improves Language Model Embeddings","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.15449","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.545554Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.15449 (2024)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.545554Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.15449","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1ad4e7d6f397ad88b857ec3714bf66af99c204c2fe2f71f5c27999519674cc27","observation_id":"03d33564-cf56-463a-9820-41613b9a77df","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.545554Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2104.08663","last_updated":"2021-10-21T01:18:28Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T23:22:21.200279Z","submitted_at":"2021-04-17T23:29:55Z","title":"BEIR: A Heterogenous Benchmark for Zero-shot Evaluation of Information Retrieval Models","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2104.08663","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.548328Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2104.08663 (2021)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.548328Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2104.08663","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d733b1325f036868e33f221f9c003bbf7ca6fe47359b9fd6b2c58e021e2e7346","observation_id":"056a2f6c-d168-459a-8fcc-fc94e34b9720","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.548328Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.828410Z","title":"Advances in neural information processing systems30 (2017)","venue":null,"work_id":"844b7589-0f35-4ac9-993f-775258177611","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.551037Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4ee7f1da995ea225083df787b0f809b4d66db4998338dc5192925d3a33753afd","observation_id":"72686ba4-8562-4587-b90d-6dd389bb346d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.831924Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.819150Z","title":"In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Associ- ation for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","venue":null,"work_id":"176627b7-c823-4d4b-a40d-07607800d1b5","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.553755Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:022830ac063e4362014682614bb84bc2a68fdf4e691ff9d1769552766782dac9","observation_id":"46c7383a-abd4-4cdc-a123-9c2854382687","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.822780Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.809688Z","title":"ArXiv pp","venue":null,"work_id":"c4218339-3397-4ada-99b3-b0bde74a9cb1","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.556367Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6804335186dd64a17b8b91c7fe25337a4cfb122d6a84e338e8c03f299c8541d8","observation_id":"270c3903-7e25-44da-9f8f-da99973dd403","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.812919Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2205.12035","last_updated":"2022-10-17T14:08:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-18T02:27:47.037722Z","submitted_at":"2022-05-24T12:43:04Z","title":"RetroMAE: Pre-Training Retrieval-oriented Language Models Via Masked Auto-Encoder","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2205.12035","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.559134Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2205.12035 (2022)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.559134Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2205.12035","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c425e6871d9079ecc0eb993860f3866ef2df3838977365f2a17fbe4212105e49","observation_id":"603beeba-0ff1-42ae-8345-fc056fe0308c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.559134Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2310.04951","last_updated":"2023-10-25T01:40:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:54:10.891677Z","submitted_at":"2023-10-08T00:16:18Z","title":"CodeTransOcean: A Comprehensive Multilingual Benchmark for Code Translation","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2310.04951","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.562096Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2310.04951 (2023)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.562096Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2310.04951","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d0ba5d84e12a28571301f02ded1f89c8d7a542691f3b8b40da922093efa1011a","observation_id":"3720365f-149c-4d0e-bcee-875018218545","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.562096Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.801132Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"8c22ffd2-d902-4983-9415-436813b6b0a3","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.565049Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:298f75792fee33cb47d73f55c694b614e675a9b98d723b04fc85c9da30469710","observation_id":"3716bc0e-dbc5-4272-90fb-58de0a8acf26","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.804007Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.791317Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"debdbdd8-4fd8-445f-bfcb-aecbf62d3452","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.567625Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e7876081d04f598c5d9def1e2f0a26b14897ab5b965b81384b1fbc72d5a8cfcc","observation_id":"eb79e5d9-0fa8-44d4-ba4f-954ba4973e3a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.795351Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2409.12122","last_updated":"2024-09-18T16:45:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-17T18:51:13.219936Z","submitted_at":"2024-09-18T16:45:37Z","title":"Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvement","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2409.12122","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.570832Z","title":"5-math technical report: Toward mathematical expert model via self-improvement","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.570832Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2409.12122","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c0906dd34d5ec69353ead14d0ba60f3d59afdda3dfcc527178b781314533cf7a","observation_id":"841405b3-7dfa-4620-8e67-f5c3d5a98698","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.570832Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.05216","last_updated":"2025-08-19T09:35:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T12:43:18.456678Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-07T16:03:59Z","title":"Unleashing the Power of LLMs in Dense Retrieval with Query Likelihood Modeling","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.05216","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.573803Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.05216 (2025)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.573803Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.05216","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9066db0ef298dc7001ff1b77df3f08c25bfc0c8d54f536e24ab823eb67afabf6","observation_id":"057b6639-3b32-42f4-93a3-4592e5fe93d2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.573803Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.14658","last_updated":"2025-01-07T05:37:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T14:16:11.955412Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-22T16:06:23Z","title":"OpenCodeInterpreter: Integrating Code Generation with Execution and Refinement","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.14658","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.576803Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.14658 (2024)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.576803Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.14658","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3757c8d482a6b90c8b45c6aa1c7859042c1866ced71c3083089b20016cb4f1f9","observation_id":"1dbd9ed9-4ea8-47bf-916a-e11d9a3c8de1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.576803Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2404.18424","last_updated":"2024-10-19T01:07:37Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-16T13:57:06.595915Z","submitted_at":"2024-04-29T04:51:30Z","title":"PromptReps: Prompting Large Language Models to Generate Dense and Sparse Representations for Zero-Shot Document Retrieval","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2404.18424","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.579702Z","title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.18424 (2024)","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers","version":2},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.579702Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2404.18424","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.03958"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7ed087c93dbad130c5df939c7d4e48fe9744098ea536e177181e704fcb5aa84d","observation_id":"f48b94ca-507d-4191-a4ed-859f9afd502c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T20:02:17.579702Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.03958","last_updated":"2025-08-06T08:11:23Z","latest_version":2,"primary_category":"cs.IR","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:20:02.798729Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-05T08:50:29Z","title":"A Comparative Study of Specialized LLMs as Dense Retrievers"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":39,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":29,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":10},"total_outbound_references":39},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:40.430872+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-18T06:34:34.496301+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 19 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 39 of 39 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.03958."}