{"as_of":"2026-08-10T09:06:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:648e78555406e2326a4c4fb234857e0aa911599e3db664525f9ab8a9372775bb","coverage":[{"denominator":12,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":12,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:08.205879Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":12,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":12,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2507.04709/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2507.04709/integrity","json":"/paper/2507.04709/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.680321Z","title":"Notably, GroupNorm recovers LayerNorm when G = 1 and InstanceNorm when G = C","venue":null,"work_id":"574a0a9a-b4cd-4839-a130-777eabf48c75","year":2016},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.626776Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3f3561eea1499f7f5e4c0bf3a2fa24fe547b549835d983631e86f1796abaf5ab","observation_id":"eb5ae96c-e6d1-4153-b5b5-157326dbeff4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.768761Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.064964Z","title":"localization distance","venue":null,"work_id":"13c9fbe8-e48c-42ee-9672-2612e3ceb101","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:08.042838Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b194fcbc4cd2e9020953fcbf2ef9ded5d90abc262b3af961c88b338b73013c97","observation_id":"ef90045f-cb1f-4ae6-b0c1-9fe7a86b256f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.139707Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:08.878435Z","title":"We compare to an identical network without BatchNorm","venue":null,"work_id":"a583765f-bc61-43d8-9d27-27be4d5356cf","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:08.205879Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d8b6e4a93f1ed35a11c3203a21cfcde5026f7eb85e35cf19d479a4fbaec6d9cf","observation_id":"d1b70e44-087d-4d96-92c5-f40f5a10acef","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:08.949114Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2105.07576","last_updated":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T09:05:02.945146Z","submitted_at":"2021-05-17T01:58:15Z","title":"Rethinking \"Batch\" in BatchNorm","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2105.07576","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.406633Z","title":"and Johnson, J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.406633Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2105.07576","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:35885e7305de43741d0f7e3ea03d5fc511eebdac98e03d40569e581f24b89274","observation_id":"35d2bd05-8edc-4bec-bf7b-4aed1c7b3a4a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.406633Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2503.20102","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:08.647269Z","title":"Extendable long-horizon planning via hierarchical multiscale diffusion","venue":null,"work_id":"f52af31e-bc9a-4358-828b-b70b98e6a9e5","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2016,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.006563Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c958cb76f06a7dec8f28e7a1920ad75f667da676db3847899abbcb889c123a13","observation_id":"0f7e7ea5-9381-4227-9a8f-4f0df9b83b25","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:08.784122Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.467701Z","title":"However, it is well-known that BatchNorm performs poorly for small batch sizes (Wu & He, 2018; Wu & Johnson, 2021)","venue":null,"work_id":"c3c84735-36ad-49e9-a947-29453f26b156","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2017,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.792207Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7f75f3344a16a38920d7722db38bb00a19c545ff186fc1bda7303cf0372f079d","observation_id":"a2d2a740-08f0-413c-9e19-c898188a22b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.575243Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.204003Z","title":"U-net: Con- volutional networks for biomedical image segmenta- tion","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2018,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.204003Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a51fa10bafb96688470d9822760cfd445ea3c32a00f0e77c27778563bbf10216","observation_id":"4435c9c4-d09b-486e-b6db-8d1c242470c9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.204003Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1607.08022","last_updated":"2017-11-06T14:21:43Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T08:35:49.218794Z","submitted_at":"2016-07-27T10:23:00Z","title":"Instance Normalization: The Missing Ingredient for Fast Stylization","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1607.08022","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.315509Z","title":"Instance nor- malization: The missing ingredient for fast stylization","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2019,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.315509Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1607.08022","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a42541bed4392d85fb35ed9b150332baac7267446d76e6e238703b4fd0a54df2","observation_id":"3f4756f2-4727-45f5-b25e-5fc7f581ba31","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.315509Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.252082Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"31e0429d-de77-432c-ab54-f4dba0c928b6","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2020,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.935891Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cb68da2839c1ff10ac588a15bee40c24845c034e70af496e8ac58b96d74fd329","observation_id":"0034ee40-074d-439e-ba04-f33010c4a93e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.353669Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.20292","last_updated":"2025-06-05T05:09:27Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T07:01:18.506797Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-28T22:33:29Z","title":"An analytic theory of creativity in convolutional diffusion models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2412.20292","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.094069Z","title":"and Ganguli, S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2022,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.094069Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.20292","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3780c99cb3d732c3ff1c60c26acc5f4a9b6620bc7b89feec2219efc59db5cf88","observation_id":"6e9f6f45-ef9c-40aa-a7f9-0836ef89fc88","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.094069Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1607.06450","last_updated":"2016-07-21T19:57:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2016-07-21T19:57:52Z","title":"Layer Normalization","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1607.06450","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:06.979539Z","title":"L., Kiros, J","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:06.979539Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1607.06450","citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a39b86832b8f9aedf2b4f6daaa11b813867655d3fdef9611872c0ee91f9f3c4","observation_id":"155b3ea1-8b33-46e6-ab23-45bd9f23c5a9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:06.979539Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:09.913364Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"9f165ba4-93a6-4b2e-9b4d-3f308bd2429e","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication","version":1},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:07.483568Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2507.04709"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e8a46634ca390af2c1aa9ae4fec3b26c4a319e0daae97b3b027a4f7086d31e4b","observation_id":"2899c957-205f-48ee-8c1e-8e3e1136e93f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:46:10.059702Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.04709","last_updated":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.LG","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T19:39:11.757297Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T07:00:02Z","title":"Spooky Action at a Distance: Normalization Layers Enable Side-Channel Spatial Communication"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":12,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":7,"verified_exact":1,"verified_fuzzy":4},"total_outbound_references":12},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 12 of 12 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2507.04709."}