{"as_of":"2026-08-14T12:02:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:b6603c357b180cfffb0698f8ae35959324b62cdb6b57d328d88342316a0675ff","coverage":[{"denominator":43,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":43,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:54.059209Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":44,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":44,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":1,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-05-15T01:00:37.004719Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"arxiv_reference","source_observed_at":"2026-05-15T01:03:25.303712Z","state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":"2508.21452","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-06-05T21:23:00.469572Z","title":"Gei ler, L.-S","venue":null,"work_id":"30b56fe4-b3f0-405f-bf12-46e33870956a","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2604.19758","last_updated":"2026-03-25T13:12:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T13:46:03.913733Z","submitted_at":"2026-03-25T13:12:02Z","title":"ThermoQA: A Three-Tier Benchmark for Evaluating Thermodynamic Reasoning in Large Language Models","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-05-15T01:00:37.004719Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2508.21452","citing_paper":"/paper/2604.19758"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7c702f0c997d2c0996ed6ca7a3ee362c80e7f4bea373b2408ebc2a802a84a89c","observation_id":"f0a29f9a-5090-4511-96d0-4a1e76a0196b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-05-15T01:03:25.305243Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2508.21452/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2508.21452/integrity","json":"/paper/2508.21452/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:01.197917Z","title":"E.; Salakhutdinov, R","venue":null,"work_id":"3821e89d-28c6-48a5-8081-8f66c78c2256","year":2006},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:49.754753Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:42ddc481a707856f0fc443b2f006ab5611e62381344a13b05076c552d121f218","observation_id":"8b589e98-5480-493e-a8ba-976be0006950","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:01.230971Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:01.145464Z","title":"Learning deep architectures for AI","venue":null,"work_id":"e35fcd50-00cc-4086-b021-d74dfdf0363c","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:49.824841Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8e59de4071dc9f0598cfe0dc83029d741374c61bf53ead5653c645ca6f7eb9cd","observation_id":"b1858d17-b170-4840-83dc-2ef16d4ee510","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:01.155694Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:01.051483Z","title":"Deep learning","venue":null,"work_id":"b7cfd8b1-5557-4e4e-acc9-8fdc4663dd2e","year":2015},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:49.983483Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:897fdb3dcc5817ec75e0b1b0235efd3a6c935cade403be36cb87b7cbb7ebba92","observation_id":"e6d2796c-3698-4761-9814-65a6a2eb3e94","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:01.087875Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.924751Z","title":"N.; Kaiser, .; Polosukhin, I","venue":null,"work_id":"70ec8a69-1228-454b-93c8-bb5868c46485","year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.090850Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eaa262a1b9392cfa853712ddf20c499d1fdd5bfdfface97a88850cdab19bda66","observation_id":"88102b01-bd7f-4f76-8ff6-f07101434651","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.966358Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.779984Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"592f7a9f-7376-494b-a41f-9d43f501cb88","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.170401Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:747e8c6774823c265c9f0af901c697f8616b7bf16daea9b970a1fa858dd155a9","observation_id":"93712903-e1fb-4076-99b8-f7816008d424","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.814754Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.08774","last_updated":"2024-03-04T06:01:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T07:30:12.213965Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:15:04Z","title":"GPT-4 Technical Report","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.08774","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.283203Z","title":"2023; https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.283203Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.08774","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c45f6b160e5cb27b0e58c8bfa29db37e5a8b412c431cbf81562fa46d43d44a96","observation_id":"9347246b-9708-42a8-8365-2ab1dede45e4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.283203Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.664756Z","title":"Thermodynamics and Chemistry: A Non-mathematical Treatise for Chemists and Students of Chemistry; J","venue":null,"work_id":"49b9f6b0-2e48-423e-ba2a-baafa7ee9ef7","year":1903},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.439966Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8e07d5d78fea1638adda60dbd301c5d2ae0eb01f75a1e7b7db45166982734c51","observation_id":"2afce5a6-8ba0-497d-b2bc-9dd96ed37138","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.704757Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.534757Z","title":"B.; Zenzen, M","venue":null,"work_id":"c9715c0b-3193-4733-8421-db8ea078e901","year":1991},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.525541Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:929c49de14a807d374f011066484e36c39c1491f72ae2d9ddad462326465acdd","observation_id":"6ba29131-b556-4a1b-857b-40a40381d47c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.575889Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.404849Z","title":"Unearthing a Buried Memory: Duhem’s Third Way to Thermodynamics","venue":null,"work_id":"eed882f2-fa34-41b7-a531-93d84c184275","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.674957Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8b7d554be1ce2bed10fe46267cf30a8ac59b1bd34edf9f451bc3f803ffde7861","observation_id":"ae0e323c-085e-4746-896a-d007d1c8f0c2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.446279Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.274845Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"08180c2a-9f33-45d2-ac02-de64870bd11a","year":1985},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.817846Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9f8aa2949b246df80b6ebab278e1bb594379193ce2e86ca67d201abda4476192","observation_id":"002ad4d6-67a6-4440-8228-b8dd2adf22f9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.304749Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.161666Z","title":"Physical Chemistry, 11th ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2018","venue":null,"work_id":"7e51d075-511a-421c-96a1-79ed9dd597fc","year":2018},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:50.924770Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6a268d0b61cccf8b7982edaf24e229c2be572412c2dba52c6b0f1d0d24d99f4b","observation_id":"d347bc94-ec30-492a-bd4f-3c3d6d1bfa72","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.190952Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.024611Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"ba989793-7e8c-4492-9219-434138056853","year":2014},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.021052Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2f4100f0fbdb8f458ff857f46f2f951f5c4e08f50cc49d38e97dc172f9b1a3ed","observation_id":"2cff13fd-7e32-4451-b774-bd910fde251f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:22:00.054752Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.10408","last_updated":"2023-05-07T00:16:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T11:47:54.717215Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-07T00:16:30Z","title":"Extracting Blockchain Concepts from Text","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.10408","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.10408","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.264745Z","title":"Extracting Blockchain Concepts from Text","venue":"cs.IR","work_id":"7692de8c-735c-4c95-a8ec-dd4f459291fb","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.124751Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.10408","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4c687ccb1d12da865c3c576d6bea7fbf2b1e70a14b1a2f0f9afbd4f86097278a","observation_id":"8b8a559d-2ea0-4420-bf0a-f6d0acd9f053","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.374751Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2501.14249","last_updated":"2026-02-20T04:23:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-01-24T05:27:46Z","title":"Humanity's Last Exam","version":10},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2501.14249","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.234783Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.234783Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2501.14249","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b904d564aa0eb6d61bdb9248552e603eac446986980c58ed1db45cd087af54f7","observation_id":"21257e3a-c8df-416d-a0ae-a09890f97524","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.234783Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.877440Z","title":"R.; Zhang, S.; Sun, Y.; Wang, W","venue":null,"work_id":"c0f77e2f-be18-438e-8598-5722061ac62c","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.332025Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cc510bd1efd0e9f1194bada5db939240b325ba880d688675a10543d9ceb925a3","observation_id":"d1214083-cf38-4d4e-b172-7a4aec433dd4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.924756Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.754912Z","title":"In Albert Einstein: Philosopher--Scientist; Schilpp, P","venue":null,"work_id":"7efffe01-566e-49ca-8396-d4e02c825729","year":1949},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.520189Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1f00d69da6d79a8fc05125483d52df8818d4175abbca1ff351d124cc076ae992","observation_id":"693d8496-15c5-4270-9b29-96c745a8dcc9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.777828Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.706220Z","title":"The Relative Effectiveness of Human Tutoring, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, and Other Tutoring Systems","venue":null,"work_id":"6007cf1b-ccfc-4b9b-9ce5-c21573f47a15","year":2011},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.614826Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4f3bd8fdc41c62cf391ff9eba608a4d541b0809f463ec402962b4950938f1f15","observation_id":"ad087f3c-7b36-43b5-b0f1-9c5bc6e8cd11","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.717124Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.614760Z","title":"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-foundry/openai/how-to/prompt-caching, OpenAI documentation (accessed 2025)","venue":null,"work_id":"e8624df4-90e2-4330-81c9-9d62ef3bd17a","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.701552Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c0c06e2ce11a205ff7a399f4e99075c585c950c26d0f119bc4801e463ebf7fc2","observation_id":"630e227f-6a5d-49a7-937e-a5df5fa75ca3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.655759Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.14233","last_updated":"2023-05-23T16:49:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-23T16:49:14Z","title":"Enhancing Chat Language Models by Scaling High-quality Instructional Conversations","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2305.14233","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.805443Z","title":"Holistic Evaluation of Language Models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.805443Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.14233","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c54d47e8f2cc3547baa7a93b88bc9002b0ac9f82b6305dc44ea6c6cf9eaf6902","observation_id":"811d01c8-36b6-427a-a673-7b9f1154fa41","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.805443Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.10415","last_updated":"2025-06-07T18:58:44Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:48:14.170579Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-14T17:00:13Z","title":"LLM-SRBench: A New Benchmark for Scientific Equation Discovery with Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.10415","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.919907Z","title":"B.; Doan, K","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.919907Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.10415","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:98b1e403907851a5019945f854998eb6f72f4e4fbe8df4d00fa7dcd64805f0a3","observation_id":"620ae82d-5042-4750-ac0b-3e05743e91b8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:51.919907Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.526936Z","title":"Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design","venue":null,"work_id":"c8702418-c37f-4730-af0c-be6e7cc8133f","year":1994},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.111189Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7c3eb16ba7f57cdad3f821a1c62c41322406576fde4596b931b39cdbb144d633","observation_id":"25d4f93c-4a1d-4b8e-b98b-7670d51304b3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.546086Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.459998Z","title":"M.; Rodriguez, M","venue":null,"work_id":"0915f78c-758f-40e8-a65d-c1d28f96179a","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.215805Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ce07895a027df6f1696c60114e6b11bdcb1d01bbd6edf7b4dfa94de765e63439","observation_id":"896cfd10-8523-4b08-ae50-a9a8aaec7627","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.476193Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.387595Z","title":"Validity of psychological assessment: Validation of inferences from persons' responses and performances as scientific inquiry into score meaning","venue":null,"work_id":"7cf2ef9d-2ff1-463e-9b76-cd7bc2066964","year":1995},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.295664Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c55d61b4aed925f0f26195e1a573cd5564dd3ec7fd5e0f393cce355074b5e2a1","observation_id":"c84e6497-d454-40bf-a2ba-0f0647231d55","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.401856Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.154840Z","title":"Prompt Programming for Large Language Models: Beyond the Few-Shot Paradigm","venue":null,"work_id":"8ea64e26-ecd2-4d6b-8507-58c87c8bf95b","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.384456Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:383fda3aedb46842a87cf878a3e24c4dbb6109d0302b3960994a814b4b678372","observation_id":"22cb163d-90e4-4def-8514-dfceb69ef398","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:59.224761Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:58.629716Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"43baf835-8846-4acf-a653-a07623a9c38a","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.464755Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d89b0e13061a297964a436f5211c30977a9d3f9f09dbc6ec29f126664709337c","observation_id":"9099a1a6-127f-4c03-9142-81d7e2ca3d96","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:58.795614Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.10541","last_updated":"2024-11-15T19:26:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T19:33:02.215393Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-15T19:26:38Z","title":"Does Prompt Formatting Have Any Impact on LLM Performance?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2411.10541","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.524764Z","title":"X.; Hasan, S","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.524764Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2411.10541","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:25625005944f190a8997911c324f6eb4f1ae22f8b145b7b621a0c6d708bac855","observation_id":"7e568103-5dd1-4c85-963f-234afb0830e0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.524764Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:58.237835Z","title":"Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models","venue":null,"work_id":"6e7a1dc8-3c8b-41f9-8c3c-5ac185ccb4e0","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.604747Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1c6128b0f8e664cb25ca7b979e60ae7fa7e3cd02bd61c7b23c34529d19045386","observation_id":"e5a653a7-954d-42fb-a5d3-2ade2f3316d0","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:58.384751Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:57.912110Z","title":"Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models","venue":null,"work_id":"02599a44-ed13-49da-98fc-bec155af50ab","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.690230Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7e47d9010105ac615460e22ddbaf0f91d6ac5d7077a93903f9bd730f596db857","observation_id":"f74254e7-93b3-426e-ac15-77980c215a35","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:58.020041Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:57.549965Z","title":"Graph of Thoughts: Solving Elaborate Problems with Large Language Models","venue":null,"work_id":"be405329-9b49-4e04-99bf-77fd0cb45d6e","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.783317Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0a10635751f2d79d592e39f5b82ebfc17cf98bf9554cb52ceb66ce65f6711f93","observation_id":"a2297dbf-d2df-48ff-b707-75c39296aa23","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:57.705071Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:57.240098Z","title":"L ogi C o T : Logical Chain-of-Thought Instruction Tuning","venue":null,"work_id":"02da618b-f2bd-4fd1-a933-c9ca481b6b8a","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.852057Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72a14b1d4bb5f95ab043c8000fb2590c21f7c7f6c58025a71c3bf57805050a4c","observation_id":"516e87c4-ee0c-4b6f-b97d-3c2cea9629b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:57.384787Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2305.09692","last_updated":"2023-05-16T04:41:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T11:41:59.662089Z","submitted_at":"2023-05-16T04:41:53Z","title":"A farewell to particles","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2305.09692","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2305.09692","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:54.510280Z","title":"A farewell to particles","venue":"physics.pop-ph","work_id":"d2c4ee8f-fe60-4de0-aad3-0df084779262","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:52.934746Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2305.09692","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b2182fe8c229b924219bf2d953f1a1d2f461f185728f51238f2d0bbe1fa6fe8e","observation_id":"e4651cb9-b71e-417f-a72f-67c1d80a71e2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:54.591972Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"metadata_mismatch"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.11760","last_updated":"2023-11-12T12:35:41Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T10:55:47.155817Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-14T00:57:12Z","title":"Large Language Models Understand and Can be Enhanced by Emotional Stimuli","version":7},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.11760","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.045479Z","title":"Large Language Models Understand and Can be Enhanced by Emotional Stimuli","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.045479Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.11760","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:71e70fe9a25c582f48fa8495fa9d61ccb149aa304917c00c376624b73ed75bb2","observation_id":"52200d5c-7e66-4bfe-b48a-0be70df274c5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.045479Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2406.18187","last_updated":"2024-06-26T09:03:52Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T23:34:39.488142Z","submitted_at":"2024-06-26T09:03:52Z","title":"Selective Prompting Tuning for Personalized Conversations with LLMs","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2406.18187","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.097845Z","title":"Selective Prompting Tuning for Personalized Conversations with LLMs","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.097845Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2406.18187","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f2f7a7d2b8cbfeb81e5cc692c032b64c7fbbd1fd8edc03bafbf86dcad10fd7f2","observation_id":"a21e19ce-849d-4c5d-bdf2-164c6c18f538","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.097845Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2307.13702","last_updated":"2023-07-17T01:08:39Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T18:02:27.155379Z","submitted_at":"2023-07-17T01:08:39Z","title":"Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2307.13702","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.185137Z","title":"Measuring Faithfulness in Chain-of-Thought Reasoning","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.185137Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2307.13702","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5d2d18d0e24cfbf59a694d99869b42eb8b42207a5774c6b8a3ce97293abb3fe5","observation_id":"4d0d867b-eea6-4fbb-a818-1e34f8a8f830","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.185137Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.05282","last_updated":"2026-07-21T08:08:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T15:11:14.520184Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-07T11:26:40Z","title":"Not All Errors Are Created Equal: ASCoT Addresses Late-Stage Fragility in Efficient LLM Reasoning","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2508.05282","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.328551Z","title":"ASCoT: An Adaptive Self-Correction Chain-of-Thought Method for Late-Stage Fragility in LLMs","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.328551Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2508.05282","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:93fa4a550e003e501414238e563bb37b7c48dd4a273e9a51d2d6eacc61cb05e0","observation_id":"4c5bfa9c-4ace-4248-9d36-2ffff753fc78","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.328551Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2205.11916","last_updated":"2023-01-29T05:14:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T05:54:24.242465Z","submitted_at":"2022-05-24T09:22:26Z","title":"Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2205.11916","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.388483Z","title":"Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.388483Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2205.11916","citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9933cca26734516d102a48505b5bcc6735b5bbd302febb51d91fde1bcea9cb56","observation_id":"169d3674-ef52-42e0-94e9-a794c7b57eeb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.388483Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:56.968394Z","title":"E.; Uccelli, P","venue":null,"work_id":"b1a3495a-73fa-4a29-8f87-7b37efc41f83","year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.474749Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:030385e863a5d3b86d04c7fca3841618e9951f395bee91419593f0752402cba3","observation_id":"99187d29-ae05-4b1a-b1bc-e95fb9e5f812","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:57.039587Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:56.755867Z","title":"Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understanding","venue":null,"work_id":"17f6a96e-7435-4cea-a959-7a020d321467","year":2021},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.541954Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:8a4cd22d69914ed5d89d94760ae7bbca84c336416d34081c2ab18045ccf7319a","observation_id":"432b90d0-c6ea-4616-8f95-b992d738ecdb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:56.854776Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:56.489420Z","title":"H.; Simon, H","venue":null,"work_id":"4fc4a2ad-8db4-439c-a475-29ad9c662a6e","year":1987},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.659101Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f49283b31ef169d87ff6f2ebde0d65acdf679188c2242c9eacb498dd366844d7","observation_id":"4298018d-9025-4d28-8a59-3990fd25c35a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:56.614765Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:56.164739Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"6e98875b-75e2-4b89-940c-4a7d92125aa4","year":1981},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.744750Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:18980479041c39dcd4fb4b506e510c3462220013d143c549af0d3c26235aa1e1","observation_id":"5f60737f-abeb-4650-87b4-35149b7f9c41","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:56.264743Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.911624Z","title":"Construction and interference in learning from multiple representation","venue":null,"work_id":"e7f63794-dc1c-43a5-8d94-d4109759c406","year":2003},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.830143Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0e3616bac2b8892794f2b93c22f2b90937047e285fd1a7ef00f290cf0bbdf499","observation_id":"5f901b57-db96-4784-b717-f12042396c02","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.972588Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.742129Z","title":"C.; McNamara, D","venue":null,"work_id":"a4f45db1-ea8f-4196-b691-7d590d06ca41","year":2004},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:53.948393Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cbd8d40972851caad62d9c848ba7825e7c29ce3c4f39d2525e26a3a1ef29d545","observation_id":"c0efe20e-38c6-4a26-963f-a0654e188cce","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.818889Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.582084Z","title":"urzburg, 97074 W\\","venue":null,"work_id":"34622fef-012a-4e4f-918f-008562b79fa6","year":1998},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"arxiv_source","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:54.059209Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2508.21452"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4114c98d8b1ef5fa79ff39d15d0658c343f005b7a57839c5e5fa14e8dd78aa25","observation_id":"1ca59e70-0b5e-4dbe-9c3a-d8a07913c2cf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T14:21:55.645268Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.21452","last_updated":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"physics.ed-ph","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T13:32:05.748419Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-29T09:36:54Z","title":"From Canonical to Complex: Benchmarking LLM Capabilities in Undergraduate Thermodynamics"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":43,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":0,"metadata_mismatch":2,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":15,"verified_exact":0,"verified_fuzzy":26},"total_outbound_references":43},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 43 of 43 outbound references and 1 inbound Pith citation observation for arXiv:2508.21452."}