{"as_of":"2026-08-10T15:37:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:95ff7ca0e1471b174e9603e927f379b8c5ea213d5d0aaf0de1329747959f6314","coverage":[{"denominator":29,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":29,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.094734Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":29,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":29,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2608.00410/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2608.00410/integrity","json":"/paper/2608.00410/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2303.08774","last_updated":"2024-03-04T06:01:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T07:30:12.213965Z","submitted_at":"2023-03-15T17:15:04Z","title":"GPT-4 Technical Report","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2303.08774","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.957980Z","title":"GPT-4 technical report.arXiv preprint arXiv:2303.08774,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.957980Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2303.08774","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4fe5329786c2f54c7c8eac581464010f5265e9cb95b623df9f3137e841eb9612","observation_id":"e5ce0753-02df-468d-9c8a-452d57eb16d9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.957980Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2204.13807","last_updated":"2022-05-02T19:35:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T13:04:53.433479Z","submitted_at":"2022-04-25T18:54:39Z","title":"A very preliminary analysis of DALL-E 2","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2204.13807","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.004881Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.004881Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2204.13807","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ab4e44b7d4e4654c82bbc1b7e9de5e8a79ae3b4c697dbc6d831d275f8fb0e81c","observation_id":"5f7fd291-3da8-497b-80ef-57286a06d7c4","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.004881Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.951789Z","title":"Gemini 2.5 Flash Image (Nano Banana) model documentation","venue":null,"work_id":"5cebccfa-233f-4915-8b09-77cbac92bdc9","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.995304Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bb9977c4bac0af3796e1e15d407896d628fe8af007726d78300c3bf4a8b32347","observation_id":"832cea55-3c85-4459-a832-0c3eac682bac","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.957321Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.15115","last_updated":"2025-01-03T02:18:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-19T17:56:09Z","title":"Qwen2.5 Technical Report","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2412.15115","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.019615Z","title":"Qwen2.5 technical report.arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.15115,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.019615Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.15115","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bb818e9b4dbcd6d78d296a647bd7a731e5b025708ae89f766a2a3929048f9dc5","observation_id":"05974d44-c6bf-49b0-8004-fec3a3015d6c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.019615Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2508.02324","last_updated":"2025-08-04T11:49:20Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-08-04T11:49:20Z","title":"Qwen-Image Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2508.02324","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.024336Z","title":"Qwen-Image technical report.arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.02324,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.024336Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2508.02324","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:78181ef2cf6853136e459a962c4e27d2b410ea2e26b5bffb790f51ff76441767","observation_id":"6bd333f3-fdd5-498e-9c6c-573a38127f73","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.024336Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.10730","last_updated":"2026-05-11T15:34:56Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:22:37.355450Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-11T15:34:56Z","title":"Qwen-Image-2.0 Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2605.10730","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.029029Z","title":"Qwen3.5: Towards native multimodal agents","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.029029Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2605.10730","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e606bad76dc233a804c13aa95e08ac89545705009f3df4422ced74d541b3ab51","observation_id":"a5250d34-6149-4953-b815-68471ccb43eb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.029029Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2204.06125","last_updated":"2022-04-13T01:10:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2022-04-13T01:10:33Z","title":"Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2204.06125","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.033577Z","title":"Hierarchical text-conditional image generation with CLIP latents.arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.06125,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.033577Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2204.06125","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:75b02117487a8fe315b619290ae989043039170cfb5bef31e4bd7c130ccf6bfe","observation_id":"83bae0b6-6ddd-4971-88f4-643835041942","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.033577Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.920201Z","title":"A primer in BERTology: What we know about how BERT works.Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics,","venue":null,"work_id":"1124f37c-bb4f-4080-843e-eecf5c516455","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.038108Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ca322f7bc2792f580b019fdf516d7aadf502537d715f7eab65ec7b74c13b7af3","observation_id":"feec8de9-0817-4620-91e8-bc0c017b540f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.925219Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2405.09818","last_updated":"2025-03-21T05:54:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T20:05:31.409634Z","submitted_at":"2024-05-16T05:23:41Z","title":"Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2405.09818","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.047484Z","title":"Chameleon: Mixed-modal early-fusion foundation models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.09818,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.047484Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2405.09818","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5a1ad3c4fb1bdb869bd6c76ec8da66bab32b7e003e885c37ecaa44e4724b16f7","observation_id":"e44eb607-0b95-4248-b67a-c5e46f71ed67","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.047484Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2312.11805","last_updated":"2025-05-09T21:04:06Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2023-12-19T02:39:27Z","title":"Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2312.11805","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.052245Z","title":"Gemini: A family of highly capable multimodal models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2312.11805,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.052245Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2312.11805","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b836f71da2c87d5f6d1f4482256b7d8cb33ccc134dabdd390e4293bae7b2759d","observation_id":"223728a5-9670-4d14-8cf8-8fa844ff9125","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.052245Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.29358","last_updated":"2026-05-28T04:57:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T23:38:46.361360Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-28T04:57:47Z","title":"Scaling Monosemanticity: Extracting Interpretable Features from Claude 3 Sonnet","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2605.29358","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.056794Z","title":"Scaling monosemantic- ity: Extracting interpretable features from Claude 3 Sonnet.arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.29358,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.056794Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2605.29358","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:ead68316dbacf66df78c381286642998fd43b5546a7637c5dd84921692a5e2f2","observation_id":"1d7ad6ec-a325-4444-92ab-ff9407dabc1d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.056794Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.21783","last_updated":"2024-11-23T23:27:33Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T18:55:11.576666Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-31T17:54:27Z","title":"The Llama 3 Herd of Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.21783","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.061976Z","title":"LLaMA: Open and efficient foundation language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.21783,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.061976Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.21783","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3a3cee3123457870d4d83599ecce87057f6af8cf4403cb61c0ed6115c43910a0","observation_id":"e5d095d6-a8ba-4469-a7b1-74eb0b89590a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.061976Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.10191","last_updated":"2025-04-14T12:53:58Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T16:05:54.280324Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-14T12:53:58Z","title":"Localized Cultural Knowledge is Conserved and Controllable in Large Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.10191","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.066352Z","title":"Localized cultural knowledge is conserved and controllable in large language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.10191,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.066352Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.10191","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:21e4fab7dce41a98031137ea55451fa5ed375d52abb1c213380e2d441dbb5454","observation_id":"2d7132a3-f295-41b0-9ed6-ccd640daf58f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.066352Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.11455","last_updated":"2025-04-15T17:59:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T11:00:06.035456Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-15T17:59:46Z","title":"SimpleAR: Pushing the Frontier of Autoregressive Visual Generation through Pretraining, SFT, and RL","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.11455","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.070951Z","title":"SimpleAR: Pushing the frontier of autoregressive visual generation through pretraining, SFT, and RL.arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.11455,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.070951Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.11455","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a615b6c827b1299a01dc68d5114f46447d590678806cfefc1112742deed7ca0f","observation_id":"310a4865-ac1c-49d4-a831-da990f1aa6b2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.070951Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2112.04359","last_updated":"2021-12-08T16:09:48Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T15:17:43.394064Z","submitted_at":"2021-12-08T16:09:48Z","title":"Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2112.04359","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.075604Z","title":"Ethical and social risks of harm from language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.04359,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.075604Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2112.04359","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2b852bc38131da45235978ab29b3b5ed7abc687886c866c9fe11cd97bbb635ca","observation_id":"bd37e559-c460-4635-b438-ea3fea68350c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.075604Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2211.13095","last_updated":"2022-11-23T16:26:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T14:22:16.211223Z","submitted_at":"2022-11-23T16:26:49Z","title":"Schr\\\"{o}dinger's Bat: Diffusion Models Sometimes Generate Polysemous Words in Superposition","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2211.13095","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2211.13095","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.132636Z","title":"Schr\\\"{o}dinger's Bat: Diffusion Models Sometimes Generate Polysemous Words in Superposition","venue":"cs.CL","work_id":"3f253590-e284-48cd-992d-b36942f0e54e","year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.080006Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2211.13095","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:891810dcdbef771e8225c8fb6203ad3190141fa42c74a48b42b5cf94388252b5","observation_id":"c7a3cbe0-0ae3-48dd-9ade-255b2ca6a624","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.140500Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.904871Z","title":"Wu, Ryan Liu, Xuechunzi Bai, and Thomas L","venue":null,"work_id":"14e561b5-4ce3-4592-b364-189cd6377822","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.084783Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2cf58010675e5f30b7c8edb9c46b2c6079e48db7feada18fb6ee9c05b1f94b34","observation_id":"cdda7e91-1909-4697-b4ea-5e8e06f331e5","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.909809Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.889246Z","title":"GLM-5.1 model card.https://huggingface.co/zai-org/GLM-5.1, 2026a","venue":null,"work_id":"cd188e5a-b96d-4d7b-817d-ac684e21b867","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.089681Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a1737bec1c63b0dd84525c22b4f804da4f461d0443b814b4689dba63d481c891","observation_id":"e822314d-57b4-43ac-a048-3db739f1de15","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.894069Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.873141Z","title":"imagine”) control used in the stated-versus-revealed analysis instead asks: What image comes to mind when you think of the word “{word}","venue":null,"work_id":"fc3b136d-3be2-4080-ac65-9f45b7583770","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.094734Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:70d75cd00d45181f2d25e20f67a5b312494bc4544895992e30770bd382bfb703","observation_id":"955ba44e-e839-43d4-a0c9-371e8181d814","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.878293Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.21276","last_updated":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-25T17:43:01Z","title":"GPT-4o System Card","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.21276","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.009957Z","title":"GPT-4o system card.arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.21276,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2009,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.009957Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.21276","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e969ccc92469b074a592cd493f357cfa70f8635b1ae9c9701893df1d7572196c","observation_id":"f81cede1-b588-4f30-bc64-c1625078621d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.009957Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2108.07258","last_updated":"2022-07-12T23:45:14Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T09:20:40.804790Z","submitted_at":"2021-08-16T17:50:08Z","title":"On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2108.07258","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.963066Z","title":"On the opportunities and risks of foundation models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.07258,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2016,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.963066Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2108.07258","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d247a8ad0c03ee792ad5247b7d40937f1ad3cb60cebf9989b6a29bf2b0e61385","observation_id":"9f5c2dba-bb4c-4022-b778-29ed4502b2bb","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.963066Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2509.22991","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.822236Z","title":"ADAM: A diverse archive of mankind for evaluating and enhancing LLMs in biographical reasoning.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.22991,","venue":null,"work_id":"a73245fd-b1a6-4b75-b927-b5b692da8fac","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2017,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.973355Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b6a3e05e9d728d7d0a91ecbb70aeb8cda13d0fc4018b16b7846473020182698f","observation_id":"cce8af2f-bd0a-4aa5-a5cc-251d5763bb12","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.829776Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2507.06261","last_updated":"2025-12-19T14:25:46Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-07-07T17:36:04Z","title":"Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilities","version":6},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2507.06261","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.989331Z","title":"Gemini 2.5: Pushing the frontier with advanced reasoning, multimodality, long context, and next generation agentic capabilities.arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.06261,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2019,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.989331Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2507.06261","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:58595dacec6f0214876d46716391255eb8cb2f72d65aa8fa3d46584e5a61543f","observation_id":"96b168d5-21d6-4e2c-967e-e6eea45aaeed","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.989331Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.967806Z","title":"Pick- ing on the same person: Does algorithmic monoculture lead to outcome homogenization? InNeurIPS,","venue":null,"work_id":"91870f0d-f82a-4079-9ade-a9d905fe75aa","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2021,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.968032Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c16409ab6ac3f96b69d2912dd7afd29630cda8fc0930d8fbb30da8cb04e92f68","observation_id":"ea87f481-2833-4995-91e7-e3b0dc812a53","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.972849Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.03300","last_updated":"2024-04-27T15:25:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T14:58:42.911363Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T18:55:32Z","title":"DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.03300","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.042794Z","title":"DeepSeekMath: Pushing the limits of mathe- matical reasoning in open language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.03300,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2022,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.042794Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.03300","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4ed19576f4b3f3a15cc6635305db087cf70534a85de91313ff1a2f937e07fad7","observation_id":"19153c26-2f8c-4770-80b7-9482d6d35b15","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.042794Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2208.00005","last_updated":"2022-07-29T02:59:38Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T11:12:23.153331Z","submitted_at":"2022-07-29T02:59:38Z","title":"Testing Relational Understanding in Text-Guided Image Generation","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2208.00005","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.983809Z","title":"Testing relational understanding in text-guided image generation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2208.00005,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2023,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.983809Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2208.00005","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2e7f516d85fbb774053369d034a2da408f700a8727fce2aade1990fc406a0b48","observation_id":"93397e00-5aaa-4e21-a254-a425df26ab11","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.983809Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.935752Z","title":"GPT-5 system card.https://openai.com/index/gpt-5-system-card/, 2025a","venue":null,"work_id":"ce2cfe98-d108-4b32-8fab-cfb07adeae61","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2024,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.015063Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:cc37507a5dbe177a570dbce5176e8bf3d673162962c8d98acc40852c36e4f21a","observation_id":"b2e06eab-2b23-4b2f-b185-9c9eb90a91b6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.940568Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2605.25254","last_updated":"2026-05-24T20:59:08Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T09:20:41.045687Z","submitted_at":"2026-05-24T20:59:08Z","title":"Guess the Unified Model: How Much Can We Recover from Generated Images?","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2605.25254","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2605.25254","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.629168Z","title":"Guess the Unified Model: How Much Can We Recover from Generated Images?","venue":"cs.CV","work_id":"15ede656-6d08-4141-9b75-9aa7cfd46693","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2025,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:43.978081Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2605.25254","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:85953735590bd82876c5f62f8adf8b88ea624a4fcbb39c45954eda647b70cf30","observation_id":"6c6037b9-d377-4e98-bb76-a50b3991d917","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.634080Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2509.21262","doi":null,"metadata_source":"arxiv_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.570991Z","title":"Un-Doubling diffusion: LLM-guided disambigua- tion of homonym duplication.arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.21262,","venue":null,"work_id":"9a2b1ce1-73af-4563-adf3-3bae950ef824","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words","version":1},"reference_index":2026,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.000182Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.00410"},"observation_digest":"sha256:29726b9d9ac34263b9f4e257c2a655fb9d6912b3ae5a54e983e49ed533bd9280","observation_id":"19dff3de-914f-4b74-9f30-7cdab44ff692","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-05T04:16:44.579514Z","resolver_source":"arxiv_id","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.00410","last_updated":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.AI","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-07T12:38:13.586977Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-01T03:13:35Z","title":"Where did the ambiguity go? Examining how multimodal models interpret polysemous words"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":29,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":1,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":0,"unresolved":18,"verified_exact":4,"verified_fuzzy":6},"total_outbound_references":29},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:31:04.303077+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-10T06:30:57.382061+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 10 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 29 of 29 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.00410."}