{"as_of":"2026-08-14T18:38:00Z","caps":{"database_statements":6,"inbound":100,"outbound":100},"context_digest":"sha256:69a3cdfae250b71df31847955948428e8f49954ee00a1404ecd87fcfca94b06f","coverage":[{"denominator":74,"lane":"reference_resolution","note":"Typed states for the displayed outbound observations.","records_observed":74,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.505684Z","state":"measured"},{"denominator":74,"lane":"standing_notices","note":"One-hop event checks from named stored sources.","records_observed":74,"source":"scholarly_work_events, retraction_status_cache","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","state":"measured"},{"denominator":0,"lane":"inbound_itemization","note":"Pith citing papers itemized under the disclosed page cap.","records_observed":0,"source":"paper_references, paper_reference_links","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"},{"denominator":1,"lane":"external_citation_measurements","note":"A source-named dated measurement, never combined with another source.","records_observed":0,"source":"cited_works","source_observed_at":null,"state":"measured"}],"external_citation_measurements":[],"inbound":[],"links":{"evidence":"/evidence","html":"/paper/2608.13545/citation-record","integrity":"/paper/2608.13545/integrity","json":"/paper/2608.13545/citation-record.json","paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"outbound":[{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.596898Z","title":"FineWeb-edu: the finest col- lection of educational content, 2024,","venue":null,"work_id":"e0dea4b0-e2ef-417b-85a4-3a3949101bf2","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":1,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.392913Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c6a12e58fde14b4ad0baa66079339b5712637e8a43f92a986e3ebcdf864b6fdc","observation_id":"ac9a266f-f0b3-4ce7-b76b-c0f2fa1ca41e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.603314Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.04850","last_updated":"2023-11-11T05:11:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T05:29:41.829205Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-08T17:35:20Z","title":"Rethinking Benchmark and Contamination for Language Models with Rephrased Samples","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2311.04850","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.482441Z","title":"Gonzalez, and Ion Stoica","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":2,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.482441Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.04850","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:82b68f3838441200b9bcd7205e7ee797268f2a102316ba1c86aded9f170c152e","observation_id":"d1f3c95e-7317-4c03-a922-21be04d45f4c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.482441Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.491841Z","title":"Investigating data contamination in modern benchmarks for large language models","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":3,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.491841Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fc45a90e7712e14030c191955c2b8627f7d5b8d88a58254335a60642cd062b69","observation_id":"d58380a4-0fa3-4ba1-8d5e-35d070f9b37e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.491841Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2407.07890","last_updated":"2025-04-21T16:43:00Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T23:24:46.969145Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-10T17:57:58Z","title":"Training on the Test Task Confounds Evaluation and Emergence","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2407.07890","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.499180Z","title":"Dorner, and Moritz Hardt","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":4,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.499180Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2407.07890","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6054f3c82481c6dc18d73cab29054215d00846a69a3f32b3262238c4f06aff83","observation_id":"2fb4f79b-fe0a-48a6-b8eb-a2932fc3bd51","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.499180Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2410.08258","last_updated":"2025-06-06T15:29:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T22:26:04.034763Z","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T17:50:45Z","title":"In Search of Forgotten Domain Generalization","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2410.08258","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.506044Z","title":"Zimmermann, Thaddäus Wiedemer, Evgenia Rusak, Attila Juhos, Matthias Bethge, and Wieland Brendel","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":5,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.506044Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2410.08258","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d941d6c0c80eba666b2baa30d693f18761546a386118985ef03fb8f7180048f4","observation_id":"a1fa82a9-4b22-4ef1-a742-b9bb008fbd15","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.506044Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2502.12120","last_updated":"2026-05-20T13:58:03Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-02-17T18:45:25Z","title":"LLMs on the Line: Data Determines Loss-to-Loss Scaling Laws","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2502.12120","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.517211Z","title":"LLMs on the line: Data determines loss-to-loss scaling laws, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":6,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.517211Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2502.12120","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2aca5e38e9514e93b50cfc34517a9857bf8fbb752a00d366e261df5ac4adb1c0","observation_id":"b4333c37-c8e1-46c5-88ff-8055cf3b5f51","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.517211Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2309.12288","last_updated":"2024-05-26T17:45:21Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T10:08:09.032276Z","submitted_at":"2023-09-21T17:52:19Z","title":"The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on \"A is B\" fail to learn \"B is A\"","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2309.12288","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.527057Z","title":"a is b\" fail to learn","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":7,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.527057Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2309.12288","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:dfbf6134dfd36218a69784f0352dcbff53b48f3e104fd12678823d4dd0cf2def","observation_id":"50883345-d9bb-41bb-87ed-67a7d3c44d64","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.527057Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.04333","last_updated":"2024-06-13T03:42:02Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T04:24:51.821062Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-06T19:18:04Z","title":"LESS: Selecting Influential Data for Targeted Instruction Tuning","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.04333","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.534998Z","title":"LESS: Selecting influential data for targeted instruction tuning, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":8,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.534998Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.04333","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:85d35c95570b0c1db4c7a169a5e8dff5e0284033ee0cb3578784f907d647be0a","observation_id":"0e714bce-1beb-405e-8ec6-dd1145f17663","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.534998Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.52202/075280-1562","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.854462Z","title":"Skill-it! a data-driven skills framework for understanding and training language models","venue":null,"work_id":"a8323c8f-dcec-4f55-afb4-0be465939050","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":9,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.583261Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eb36b8eed62ec59e5b14ba6f539c0a7d3fe9bd5e3cde910214789ee97b6916b1","observation_id":"dc867b39-14f4-4400-a074-cd5251534b67","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.862488Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.18653/v1/2024.findings-acl.388","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.826020Z","title":"Llm2llm: Boosting LLMs with novel iterative data enhancement","venue":null,"work_id":"d033e85b-9c29-49c5-803f-ab53816ac10b","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":10,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.644359Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1e6116136c1d249c7c659a8c3f95cd39f80a71b1f2ab2f5346172d014515504b","observation_id":"576b7f73-5b88-4e5d-a6f7-7d7252829711","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.832987Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.52202/075280-2400","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.802672Z","title":"LIMA: Less is more for alignment","venue":null,"work_id":"eb4ab86a-a808-4dd3-b225-b10dc2efb2cd","year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":11,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.725719Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9bb28cf7f426fdd89d55a642731920830987232c164e9bd335f48d4b4435fd13","observation_id":"4b8f0742-5b51-4495-b18a-e489b129ba59","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.809200Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.733148Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":12,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.733148Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:edca6b3a2e579b5f475d0d4e26c2babbe51efa0f17a32cc1fcba7d2d32b34a66","observation_id":"19076e4b-d7a1-4b94-9e20-72859b0dd668","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.733148Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.739485Z","title":"What in-context learning “learns” in-context: Disentangling task recognition and task learning","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":13,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.739485Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1a6b645860d78a4bf68bc51e646a8cf262aa41978677201dc849cf410d005963","observation_id":"8da4593e-c208-4c07-97ea-acee022ffe7a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.739485Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2602.02545","doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.707347Z","title":"Beyond alignment: Expanding reasoning capacity via manifold-reshaping policy optimization.arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.02545, 2026","venue":null,"work_id":"2ecdd7cb-64f8-485d-86c3-2e54fac3137c","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":14,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.749659Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3bf8a58b9e469fbd23bd9cb6edc155001041b00c80e9bcbe517bff23c1e6bf32","observation_id":"d525acd0-2b61-4c24-bc01-d23917e3d7be","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.718185Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.15829","last_updated":"2026-06-08T15:32:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-08T10:24:00.819062Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-17T18:59:39Z","title":"Operationalising the Superficial Alignment Hypothesis via Task Complexity","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2602.15829","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2602.15829","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.619554Z","title":"Operationalising the Superficial Alignment Hypothesis via Task Complexity","venue":"cs.LG","work_id":"f75032a0-df9f-401d-addd-2f17b0d831d1","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":15,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.756481Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2602.15829","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a4eb5c536fe106567b405bbc3da38cb8d14a2747aa645212b76e5065ea704526","observation_id":"8aea81c1-38c9-46f5-8734-25bfc12d5cdd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.625734Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.763475Z","title":"Reasoning or reciting? exploring the capabilities and limitations of language models through counterfactual tasks","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":16,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.763475Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d043cb1f526267e24ea7b19b7dbd22864a5392415fbc9e743aedc319aa250274","observation_id":"adf582fd-5d42-4ce1-a2af-bb5ca967877c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.763475Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.770776Z","title":"MATH- beyond: A benchmark for RL to expand beyond the base model, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":17,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.770776Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2889660e77eb2ddb9432a448cdce3ca8ee71ad2b008abbeb16ccbb3dc97b0cbd","observation_id":"2743bf82-baf1-40db-b515-3621a9798384","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.770776Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.566549Z","title":"Introducing talkie: a 13b vintage language model from","venue":null,"work_id":"628a2aea-4a47-4d2f-adcc-f50ea45a8eb7","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":18,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.781973Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5e96c14f224f64acc7daafd97fa2118e515f91b02963b7e0f1fb0cf87d6256f2","observation_id":"21b6fb86-dd14-421f-98f8-32e200d43efa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.575125Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.822353Z","title":"Knowledge boundary of large language models: A survey","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":19,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.822353Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5ae29739b96238b65b847e805b90eba8ee9051ae1d0b4348158748a1da4da22f","observation_id":"b8d150e5-7320-4a02-bc1e-0cf1616486c2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.822353Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2602.15259","last_updated":"2026-05-31T02:09:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-09T21:59:05.840827Z","submitted_at":"2026-02-16T23:28:17Z","title":"Knowing Isn't Understanding: Re-grounding Generative Proactivity with Epistemic and Behavioral Insight","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":"2602.15259","doi":null,"metadata_source":"pith","pith_arxiv_id":"2602.15259","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.505043Z","title":"Knowing Isn't Understanding: Re-grounding Generative Proactivity with Epistemic and Behavioral Insight","venue":"cs.CY","work_id":"c3515af9-fac5-4436-a6d8-c26d43dc5a49","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":20,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.865166Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2602.15259","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:474d9d7e5569c19b9aba240540646bffeeb51278578a440492cdc5853c703d9e","observation_id":"c6bfdddf-2ae1-4fc3-92e2-a66920bb0da1","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.516092Z","resolver_source":"local_arxiv","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2207.05221","last_updated":"2022-11-21T16:38:35Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T05:42:29.067319Z","submitted_at":"2022-07-11T22:59:39Z","title":"Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2207.05221","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.875821Z","title":"Language models (mostly) know what they know.arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.05221, 2022","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":21,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.875821Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2207.05221","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:19f4af115d711998cbbdac5d83f2cdef8ba4d578e29bfcb86573af9e4331224c","observation_id":"bab7053c-3a03-44ff-8022-6314e1d1c71c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.875821Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.505872Z","title":"Investigating the factual knowledge boundary of large language models with retrieval augmentation","venue":null,"work_id":"b674b238-e070-4fd3-b2be-f6fd3553b0b3","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":22,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.895199Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0fd6b14bf4c2c314806067daa8af541475e57942663593cffa361c25e45efa18","observation_id":"931544e9-7446-4f74-a7f4-96a3fbb69a38","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.515734Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.938587Z","title":"Benchmarking knowledge boundary for large language models: A different perspective on model evaluation","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":23,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.938587Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:72cc1999878612fc22c2e363e1315f62c3bb8c582aedd3666aeb070d1ffd9dd8","observation_id":"b62b7002-2f5c-453a-ac63-8cdfd2860f7e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.938587Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.480955Z","title":"Princeton University Press, 2026","venue":null,"work_id":"1e0b5f2d-a347-4c4a-8f7f-a0be8e8b26bd","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":24,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.011295Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:089418573c5715b7fa138879c41a103b6046ad2561e706e0c008c865e5a01aca","observation_id":"8efa52c7-5688-4795-a008-1e5d592ede75","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.488628Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.454959Z","title":"Data determines distributional robustness in contrastive language image pre-training (CLIP),","venue":null,"work_id":"71cc09ab-dd5a-47fb-ab63-6ac61547244f","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":25,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.040960Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2d3b6621c99ad93baee57aa0f9be00eb6089d98c37de9c64dbe06908a94686e1","observation_id":"770e0bd1-5e63-4625-b2ef-149de3300c80","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.463322Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.13837","last_updated":"2025-11-24T06:11:04Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T14:03:15.178702Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-18T17:59:56Z","title":"Does Reinforcement Learning Really Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model?","version":5},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.13837","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.055943Z","title":"Does reinforcement learning really incentivize reasoning capacity in LLMs beyond the base model?, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":26,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.055943Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.13837","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:57b890a7d8ed501b58819c5401a7497a03253d248bd653a35f5fbf16cc9e4230","observation_id":"fc4edc8f-8e9f-4fa1-a04b-5a7d917d9e5e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.055943Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2504.07912","last_updated":"2025-08-07T23:50:47Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T19:31:41.185985Z","submitted_at":"2025-04-10T17:15:53Z","title":"Echo Chamber: RL Post-training Amplifies Behaviors Learned in Pretraining","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2504.07912","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.065149Z","title":"Echo chamber: RL post-training amplifies behaviors learned in pretraining, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":27,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.065149Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2504.07912","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:0ba1558aac68fdd6b33e3d3e2a77e9d6543cf0b505fd382c883244c406feca33","observation_id":"01c6da4f-5b98-4b78-ba78-d2c75dd6599c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.065149Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.072544Z","title":"On the interplay of pre-training, mid-training, and RL on reasoning language models, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":28,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.072544Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:171862c18fbb5088cc212b11151dd410ba0b70bf8881a79ed916b6b50022ed03","observation_id":"56c51ffa-5d82-424b-aca4-b89e130a11e2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.072544Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.079357Z","title":"A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":29,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.079357Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:fa8662cae3b0748c57ea9f95da98afc60f5639a24d6bf2e3c681347d762db63e","observation_id":"b3753fbc-2ab9-499f-ba8e-4e3fff6f80dd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.079357Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2311.12022","last_updated":"2023-11-20T18:57:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T12:02:35.919497Z","submitted_at":"2023-11-20T18:57:34Z","title":"GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2311.12022","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.086708Z","title":"Gpqa: A graduate-level google-proof q&a benchmark.arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.12022, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":30,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.086708Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2311.12022","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:eea5a243e9047ae81561631b135df136fe35c85049e0a25d46f15ad084912f76","observation_id":"6fede901-d933-448a-8eb6-ea44e4cc2c59","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.086708Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.101283Z","title":"MMLU-pro: A more robust and challenging multi-task language understanding benchmark","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":31,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.101283Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1d9fbf24c44a3b535f7a18ce6866adf134f84be9c8d17d870495414cb3b02b3c","observation_id":"fdcd0d58-9228-4740-a756-95a27813057f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.101283Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2301.11796","last_updated":"2023-01-27T15:52:50Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T12:56:25.600739Z","submitted_at":"2023-01-27T15:52:50Z","title":"Call for Papers -- The BabyLM Challenge: Sample-efficient pretraining on a developmentally plausible corpus","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2301.11796","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.110232Z","title":"Call for papers – the BabyLM challenge: Sample-efficient pretraining on a developmentally plausible corpus, 2023","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2023},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":32,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.110232Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2301.11796","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:6f2ff120f3d1b5cc68a1d7271a0d4075448b3f8f39ea89d734dd7513c5649201","observation_id":"70db7c6e-9c26-4610-89ce-0c4d0d854a3e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.110232Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.116832Z","title":"Age-of-acquisition ratings for 30,000 english words.Behavior Research Methods, 44(4):978–990, 5 2012","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":33,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.116832Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:314888b0d02c6e750bddbeb743320bc1207b985d4fdb82f6f88a5881243d10d3","observation_id":"9d752412-9e91-46a3-9396-1a7be6fcf865","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.116832Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.154427Z","title":"rspeer/wordfreq: v3.0, 9 2022,","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":34,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.154427Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:65895034ddf58eab04804f3f4ed14c83aa4b4566820d023f76d4d425e57ac89d","observation_id":"78ff2d27-4617-4233-9245-c554fc9c412b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.154427Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.400131Z","title":"Common core state standards","venue":null,"work_id":"855ddc87-4ba7-4e5e-b0ac-124519e5d5e8","year":2010},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":35,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.197042Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e1a54c1a531ff8b2cd50fcd4a5758265af1e4f65ed2bf942f5fecf7d2510ab3d","observation_id":"a52b667f-9a1b-4a25-b2b1-c672be6f9394","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.406684Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.372851Z","title":"Joshi, Hanna Moazam, Heather Miller, Matei Zaharia, and Christopher Potts","venue":null,"work_id":"c8672840-5747-45ed-ad49-d6b730b67676","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":36,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.205681Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:067922dc37f5adfb8646e1ff87c564c4229d106aa615ab4e8e9c36c63153a119","observation_id":"a8468886-d3aa-439f-933f-2c01060a60d6","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.379908Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.354319Z","title":"OpenEvolve: an open-source evolutionary coding agent, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":"7b45cd1d-540c-4bfb-b2a0-bb4c941f94dc","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":37,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.213485Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bd6b8065d8f49dbb2e43f9990014be0f783e51a708057aecda13d5556637de7f","observation_id":"3055fc43-41c4-4ad4-9873-f2b693203b81","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.359866Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.220424Z","title":"Bag of tricks for efficient text classification","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2017},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":38,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.220424Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bc78fbfd918f1f9c98134c17696a8ddb06b1ad45d2292245be27448b6fd3ef02","observation_id":"f3646082-ba84-4682-838e-5938e02a2668","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.220424Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2412.13663","last_updated":"2024-12-19T06:32:26Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2024-12-18T09:39:44Z","title":"Smarter, Better, Faster, Longer: A Modern Bidirectional Encoder for Fast, Memory Efficient, and Long Context Finetuning and Inference","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2412.13663","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.226935Z","title":"Smarter, better, faster, longer: A modern bidirectional encoder for fast, memory efficient, and long context finetuning and inference, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":39,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.226935Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2412.13663","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:60b1eedf6503cbe92d0986c9457a5cd6f1cd4870612d05c28a719985e7e30017","observation_id":"bc8736ba-a0aa-4682-9f42-47b3738a64d2","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.226935Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2411.12580","last_updated":"2025-03-06T15:14:17Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T23:45:08.615365Z","submitted_at":"2024-11-19T15:47:12Z","title":"Procedural Knowledge in Pretraining Drives Reasoning in Large Language Models","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2411.12580","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.234557Z","title":"Procedural knowledge in pretraining drives reasoning in large language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.12580, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":40,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.234557Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2411.12580","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:419a94221aa343186cf202be7380662e5c595b0cd88e1fbe35e2a07b22d9c1e2","observation_id":"cd5aa0bf-98d7-4284-9470-aad7e0eed614","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.234557Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.330381Z","title":"On improving the accuracy of readability classification using insights from second language acquisition","venue":null,"work_id":"4f297964-0687-4229-b069-0c503de2c798","year":2012},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":41,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.243596Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:2e5b4ddfea82057d337049dec3c340f7c2328d84ff84311e70d7778005804593","observation_id":"60e48547-b917-40cb-8e93-0b997bf2305a","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.336552Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2505.09388","last_updated":"2025-05-14T13:41:34Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-07-06T02:11:23.670680Z","submitted_at":"2025-05-14T13:41:34Z","title":"Qwen3 Technical Report","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2505.09388","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.253860Z","title":"Qwen3 technical report, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":42,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.253860Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2505.09388","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:c80f6d975fcf7684e7772093c67eb3e322323c542f840b951ea71b837d02ccb2","observation_id":"58f02cf7-8883-4363-91b4-5c3248fb452f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.253860Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2408.00118","last_updated":"2024-10-02T15:22:49Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-02T16:20:09.773989Z","submitted_at":"2024-07-31T19:13:07Z","title":"Gemma 2: Improving Open Language Models at a Practical Size","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2408.00118","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.260249Z","title":"Gemma 2: Improving open language models at a practical size.arXiv preprint arXiv:2408.00118, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":43,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.260249Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2408.00118","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bcfaa3e3ea01a280f6efbb169a2f6ef0fafa2cd528f08178e240dfeed7f7f844","observation_id":"4b898bd4-343f-466e-848b-be253b41d4db","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.260249Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.308197Z","title":"A large-scaled corpus for assessing text readability.Behavior Research Methods, 55(2):491–507, 3","venue":null,"work_id":"04e7fbab-dd86-40e2-841c-00d527f309ba","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":44,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.266360Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:513dfcc2be5a6542eaf6b032adb46b31c09ced869c74504488880ca72409491d","observation_id":"e12b13fc-89f0-4de3-9879-d92f6b4ccbaf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.316010Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.281795Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1952},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":45,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.281795Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:b5242c0053a878e4b55cba1f9a77173ebc7a009a3f581db0904621b03bf9cb7c","observation_id":"81ba9c8b-6726-4a24-ae4e-a89142f247d3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.281795Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.287577Z","title":"Byt5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte models.Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 10:291–306, 2022","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":46,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.287577Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:53a5633ed27b6975f1daa6c3effa88d1279685ebb46275ba76065bc58f695814","observation_id":"52910119-90c1-47a2-aae9-3ec7d048ac98","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.287577Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":"10.3758/s13428-022-01802-x","metadata_source":"doi_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.628889Z","title":"doi: 10.3758/s13428-022-01802-x","venue":null,"work_id":"97bd6e25-4a4c-4011-8f44-eba7c9cc3577","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":47,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.271781Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bb6b5bbec6e6fe9c3dacba88f2b15e1a1748e46977655e7fa3823a37adbaf882","observation_id":"3e843035-f5e9-4d15-b604-65aa2b562ee9","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.635701Z","resolver_source":"doi","status":"verified_exact"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.250260Z","title":"200,000+ jeopardy! questions","venue":null,"work_id":"dab5db41-de8b-4f3d-8097-6d885521b237","year":2019},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":48,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.298985Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:d43919f6038d85815c86d9015e69664017219472ee21a090b2423623f610f70e","observation_id":"ad0942dc-18a6-44bc-accd-2714e4f62530","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.257412Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.228706Z","title":"Gemini 2.5 Flash and native capabilities – audio & image model card","venue":null,"work_id":"8fb5f8a7-068a-42d7-b76a-0afd29caed76","year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":49,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.303965Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:854ed2d2261046f6655947037db5d7cda1c5f6dc458b692414d631eca3387cf6","observation_id":"a85e4840-941c-4d46-ac00-f72e5cd6de82","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.235110Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.276591Z","title":"CoMTA: Conversation-Based Math Tutoring Accuracy Dataset","venue":null,"work_id":"5eea2426-55eb-4774-893b-43a0bd9bd217","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":50,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.293273Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:f6da5e3672ef961753a99ea0379bd9b619d915880b49854ac9a6f452397a9acf","observation_id":"ae72d9e0-21ae-4096-9484-aaf999e014b3","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.283600Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.316712Z","title":"From next-token to mathematics: The learning dynamics of mathematical reasoning in language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2407.00900, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":51,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.316712Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e4cedaf027de50b268588bb29371781b8a494eded9cbc38a7691a82cb79db496","observation_id":"24aaf5b1-3c72-4b26-8d01-af57cad20ea8","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.316712Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2402.03300","last_updated":"2024-04-27T15:25:53Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-06T14:58:42.911363Z","submitted_at":"2024-02-05T18:55:32Z","title":"DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models","version":3},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2402.03300","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.322212Z","title":"DeepSeekMath: Pushing the limits of mathematical reasoning in open language models.arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.03300, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":52,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.322212Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2402.03300","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:31cba9645cd9710a1383f21c81bc5d6caac3bcb72abde1b57745a8aa78de7856","observation_id":"6c4da067-a5cb-497d-8fba-a754ee6b8aaa","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.322212Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.202155Z","title":"National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2013","venue":null,"work_id":"292dfda2-20c1-4cb9-be59-d0204e7555df","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":53,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.309440Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:675d95f85881c72a2ea8521cdb2a04fa03bcc62ee3729d9bd40974e3489a0b4f","observation_id":"c3e32921-b15e-4333-ad4c-304b4f332b3d","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.210187Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2601.09926","last_updated":"2026-04-22T23:57:28Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-10T08:02:37.785152Z","submitted_at":"2026-01-14T23:13:01Z","title":"PROPER Agents: Proactivity Driven Personalized Agents for Advancing Knowledge Gap Navigation","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2601.09926","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.334981Z","title":"The proper approach to proactivity: Benchmarking and advancing knowledge gap navigation.arXiv preprint arXiv:2601.09926, 2026","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":54,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.334981Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2601.09926","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:60bdf05ddf10c14903f4f5b02ae96fc295d8fad04c75130ed82f7d6fcf0163a6","observation_id":"b5b6b661-3783-4de6-a63c-d18b7662c7fd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.334981Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.340793Z","title":"A new readability yardstick.Journal of Applied Psychology, 32(3):221–233, 1948","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1948},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":55,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.340793Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e3d699271d905ae50aa60a7ffc8fe68e185b5a18b1dd860d406407a1d562856d","observation_id":"1a2cf17e-fd2a-401d-aaf7-ed0c5f3dec24","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.340793Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.328560Z","title":"Chang and Benjamin K","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2022},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":56,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.328560Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:5e55a0e321480197e8656a89be5f784e8afea628287783179f241bf03d642f21","observation_id":"583222b1-32a3-45f0-ae36-d5fff01d3ad7","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.328560Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.150823Z","title":"The new academic word list","venue":null,"work_id":"5224d9b2-ceb7-490c-86b6-c1a10f4177bd","year":2013},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":57,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.354162Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3583060d3135bf1ee4cf96f81f01eda5bd3d96d73c56cf6245cd0044dbf7bf20","observation_id":"a797c331-7617-4284-8710-15c4ad0f7b4c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.158412Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.126646Z","title":"Wikipedia TF-IDF Dataset","venue":null,"work_id":"56bd64aa-83cb-4d9f-9c77-8ed61a9fec17","year":2020},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":58,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.359339Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:a50b56fe5036f319612651838265f698e8b7f6290369d1074864c0f437084857","observation_id":"411d8feb-690b-4dd4-b4e5-3d902aa726bd","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.133297Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.176745Z","title":"A formula for predicting readability: Instructions.Educational research bulletin, pages 37–54, 1948","venue":null,"work_id":"93d99b63-3629-4687-8409-771b7db14d6e","year":1948},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":59,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.347618Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:1fc431bd37b97846bf0f100a262ed0c56bdd5d7e01aaf59c62825a8bbae6236f","observation_id":"009b414e-970a-4ca9-a591-5f472a86dd44","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.184336Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"1909.08053","last_updated":"2020-03-13T23:45:18Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-12T10:50:46.357243Z","submitted_at":"2019-09-17T19:42:54Z","title":"Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelism","version":4},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"1909.08053","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.371809Z","title":"Megatron-LM: Training multi-billion parameter language models using model parallelism.arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.08053, 2019","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":1909},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":60,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.371809Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/1909.08053","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9cf33c054342bae80bd5b517e8bb4273179da9d58a991523206189f0f29b482d","observation_id":"e586d355-063e-418c-ad64-81e918e2ac75","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.371809Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.105767Z","title":"Muon: An optimizer for hidden layers in neural networks, 2024","venue":null,"work_id":"f78dba31-c023-49c7-850d-0db511b7bf62","year":2024},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":61,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.377591Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7f35c5cfa2002542d3fa07245a199c058477a78529dfbfd86e0b958d2db90c3f","observation_id":"1daf6006-3b39-4469-8173-0546f3613f8c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.113877Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.365011Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2009},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":62,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.365011Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:db5a232f195f6eae5ca9b901fe92390f9f57e87513b522f73f31fae1ba670726","observation_id":"18d4fa57-22e3-4e70-a13f-5bc6fddc4fea","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.365011Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2110.14168","last_updated":"2021-11-18T00:23:45Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T02:43:01.480086Z","submitted_at":"2021-10-27T04:49:45Z","title":"Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2110.14168","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.391853Z","title":"Training verifiers to solve math word problems.arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.14168, 2021","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":63,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.391853Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2110.14168","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:01063478ee4ac92a16bcf8b94e7076603421f1355a7fd45d6b30077c8eef0b75","observation_id":"01751ef4-da2f-4592-a4b8-68ed6f036c10","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.391853Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2506.20512","last_updated":"2025-06-25T14:58:13Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T20:01:19.714358Z","submitted_at":"2025-06-25T14:58:13Z","title":"OctoThinker: Mid-training Incentivizes Reinforcement Learning Scaling","version":1},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2506.20512","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.384509Z","title":"OctoThinker: Mid-training incentivizes reinforce- ment learning scaling.arXiv preprint arXiv:2506.20512, 2025","venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":2025},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":65,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.384509Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2506.20512","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:bdfb96766011d553ccc3304abf3b6bfa853f8b3b6bf0d46a697a1e43bf39c233","observation_id":"da7b42ed-f429-4851-b35a-c8196afec172","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.384509Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.951859Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"2ec523c3-a4e4-4f8e-8eae-afe92851fb0d","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":72,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.451660Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4912313e1ff578e656b3ea0a8b84f7c495263088709fa01a06c3de8185648cc0","observation_id":"187b58bd-c6c5-49f4-b377-d05f6fcf5304","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.957664Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.080648Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"e74dd864-73ce-490e-aecd-00bcaf5e7add","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":73,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.465360Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e7774a1c911db5f5c0465c005fe20c465b32a2e61f6add2ecad8583b9d06fb9d","observation_id":"ecbf863b-53e6-4213-9ead-cfc1fc35f155","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.088687Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.046482Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"e789c7c2-49ec-403d-a471-ad450cf1a520","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":74,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.470851Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:47653a441462e67c2825b183fbad9ee36a879f9626fc2b8637878e58317908a0","observation_id":"ace6e875-efc3-4070-84db-2bd1e38e629b","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.055955Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.017543Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"b043286f-c358-4d2c-8907-4fa8f86d99ed","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":75,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.477462Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:27d96fef4ba1b0fcd897e9a5272395cec878b1445cc6a964558302494c51a4fb","observation_id":"2a35a2c0-09a3-45c0-83a9-923dc390f5cf","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.027041Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.991604Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"3e8f75d8-0820-4b80-8b2f-aaa1593fb4d5","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":76,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.483440Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:7f51fbb6372864fa5ef8daa39ee28d1575d8836fdd7070203e03c1ce2ac3a27b","observation_id":"9a1e9336-d3d6-4e95-adb9-05f78f2b2e0e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.998398Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.971309Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":"f2a400d4-9e74-4efb-8ccc-144776e986ea","year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":77,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.491762Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:e9949fd3decb05eb4e768ba590f5c5e0eab2c5cc62a93af8b85adf378259126e","observation_id":"06665ca7-ec58-4ba5-97e3-1ff1d2eb9f80","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.977205Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"parse_uncertain"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.930746Z","title":"kinetic energy,","venue":null,"work_id":"1c5e77d2-f362-46ed-bce1-46aca3f6b58d","year":1984},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":78,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.498618Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:06b63c82ee5f85a5e410681ebf64d8c09bc5b25611bd34264bc707b670afded1","observation_id":"b4d90300-4f96-4429-b107-719b39ca9b8c","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.937162Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"malformed_identifier"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.909208Z","title":"We need to find the answer","venue":null,"work_id":"8587068e-c9f9-4280-a7c4-02e38c1f9d74","year":1935},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":286,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.505684Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:4c529a9a1100d2109837b08452e446f79daab916be103c42ef70b01c0f423cfb","observation_id":"733fd2ad-6279-47ea-92ea-f6f99215020f","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:14.914948Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":null,"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":"raw_reference","pith_arxiv_id":null,"snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.542661Z","title":"URLhttps://talkie-lm.com/introducing-talkie","venue":null,"work_id":"ca242c96-9341-4a0b-8f48-b3e0d9c043cc","year":2026},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":1930,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:12.792574Z"},"links":{"citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:3d8c7b380dca3eda38d0117e2d1fe155af087e1c63d63ff59feeb85a87cf294b","observation_id":"9b1e11a5-96b4-4ec8-86c3-4e566b04ac74","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:15.549497Z","resolver_source":"raw_fallback","status":"verified_fuzzy"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"observation":"No event found in the named queried sources as of 2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00.","reason":null,"source_receipts":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"state":"measured"}},{"citation":{"cited_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2205.01397","last_updated":"2022-08-22T23:59:30Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-13T15:50:57.103722Z","submitted_at":"2022-05-03T10:06:51Z","title":"Data Determines Distributional Robustness in Contrastive Language Image Pre-training (CLIP)","version":2},"cited_work":{"arxiv_id":null,"doi":null,"metadata_source":null,"pith_arxiv_id":"2205.01397","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.047235Z","title":null,"venue":null,"work_id":null,"year":null},"citing_paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure","version":1},"reference_index":2022,"source":"pdf_text","source_observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.047235Z"},"links":{"cited_paper":"/paper/2205.01397","citing_paper":"/paper/2608.13545"},"observation_digest":"sha256:9b34a5828cdd07e936f499110cc638051b7d6aa4881b476ef2df7bbe6f233fec","observation_id":"6fb28b95-7f37-412b-bbc3-25699e65940e","resolution":{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T04:32:13.047235Z","resolver_source":null,"status":"unresolved"},"standing_notice":{"events":[],"reason":"canonical_work_link_unavailable","source_receipts":[],"state":"unavailable"}}],"paper":{"arxiv_id":"2608.13545","last_updated":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","latest_version":1,"primary_category":"cs.CL","snapshot_observed_at":"2026-08-14T18:32:19.819926Z","submitted_at":"2026-08-13T17:56:12Z","title":"LittleLearner: Language Models Under Pedagogically Controlled Knowledge Exposure"},"reference_resolution":{"displayed":74,"state_counts":{"malformed_identifier":3,"metadata_mismatch":0,"parse_uncertain":1,"unresolved":43,"verified_exact":7,"verified_fuzzy":20},"total_outbound_references":74},"refusal":"A citation records a reference. It does not transfer a finding from one paper to another.","schema":"pith.paper-citation-record.v1","standing_sources":[{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:32.682623+00:00","source":"crossref"},{"observed_at":"2026-08-14T06:32:18.44784+00:00","source":"retraction_watch"}],"thesis":"As of 14 August 2026, this Paper Citation Record lists 74 of 74 outbound references and 0 inbound Pith citation observations for arXiv:2608.13545."}