{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI","short_pith_number":"pith:244SAXMN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.04798","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2024-04-07T03:31:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"332fd732e2c8a424f8996939ddfa0356ca53e3d5d19b8b9183465360fb34c96a","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1f9be9d6f8c304d287e37fcd25dfd283ef783ee8f59cf9523569544c9e6d792"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d739205d8d221e5b888df96673db1c9a319de94ab5d9c074fe53d521a5ccacf2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.04798","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.04798","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.04798v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.04798","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"244SAXMNEIPF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"244SAXMNEIPFXCEN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"244SAXMN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.04798","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2024-04-07T03:31:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"332fd732e2c8a424f8996939ddfa0356ca53e3d5d19b8b9183465360fb34c96a","abstract_canon_sha256":"f1f9be9d6f8c304d287e37fcd25dfd283ef783ee8f59cf9523569544c9e6d792"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d739205d8d221e5b888df96673db1c9a319de94ab5d9c074fe53d521a5ccacf2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21.827609Z","signature_b64":"saYeUGapUQI0VZXEgsavd57Jfyk5rE+Fs8l3280uZRaQMTyG/ckDQZO//Cjs80u0or45jpLRFFWGqvOLsM9zBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d739205d8d221e5b888df96673db1c9a319de94ab5d9c074fe53d521a5ccacf2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21.827136Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21.827136Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.04798","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"emFh21U5Y/8cmHWKrPGANJAaEPoIlKdcUBmQI0m6RsthofblXynrNhb+wJqiXFt+1xjtxa+qx+kVi3gtCmKvBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:55:21.530986Z"},"content_sha256":"ee57424d233251857f248ac594541c4d407a38563cefe3d055a357879c4b95ed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ee57424d233251857f248ac594541c4d407a38563cefe3d055a357879c4b95ed"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Comparative Study of Sand Drawings in Oceania and Africa","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.HO","authors_text":"Hongzhang Xu, Linbin Wang, Rowena Ball","submitted_at":"2024-04-07T03:31:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"People typically consider only European mathematics as orthodox, often intentionally or unintentionally overlooking the existence of mathematics from non-European societies. Inspired by Maria Ascher's two well-known papers on sand drawings in Oceania and Africa, this paper focuses on the strong link between modern mathematics and the mathematics behind the sand drawings. Beginning with a comparison of the geography, history, and the cultural context of sand drawings in Oceania and Africa, we will examine shared geometric features of European graph theory and Indigenous sand drawings, including"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.04798","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.04798/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dUaEZLLG2wz8uHRY+qebE9NFYHdcUphjKiO+/h+5bcsqk+p1g7aG1TUUv2Hwa6cHRaPY7owDrq0eq4Nrk+z1Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:55:21.531621Z"},"content_sha256":"2998f038fcdc39e65fd746fb7fd0b3907bedad6774f2137982a775e2526a6b5d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2998f038fcdc39e65fd746fb7fd0b3907bedad6774f2137982a775e2526a6b5d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T07:55:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:244SAXMNEIPFXCEN7FTHHWY4TI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1f9be9d6f8c304d287e37fcd25dfd283ef783ee8f59cf9523569544c9e6d792","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2024-04-07T03:31:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"332fd732e2c8a424f8996939ddfa0356ca53e3d5d19b8b9183465360fb34c96a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.04798","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.04798","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.04798v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.04798","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"244SAXMNEIPF","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"244SAXMNEIPFXCEN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"244SAXMN","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2998f038fcdc39e65fd746fb7fd0b3907bedad6774f2137982a775e2526a6b5d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.04798/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"People typically consider only European mathematics as orthodox, often intentionally or unintentionally overlooking the existence of mathematics from non-European societies. Inspired by Maria Ascher's two well-known papers on sand drawings in Oceania and Africa, this paper focuses on the strong link between modern mathematics and the mathematics behind the sand drawings. Beginning with a comparison of the geography, history, and the cultural context of sand drawings in Oceania and Africa, we will examine shared geometric features of European graph theory and Indigenous sand drawings, including","authors_text":"Hongzhang Xu, Linbin Wang, Rowena Ball","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2024-04-07T03:31:14Z","title":"Comparative Study of Sand Drawings in Oceania and Africa"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.04798","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ee57424d233251857f248ac594541c4d407a38563cefe3d055a357879c4b95ed","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f1f9be9d6f8c304d287e37fcd25dfd283ef783ee8f59cf9523569544c9e6d792","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"math.HO","submitted_at":"2024-04-07T03:31:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"332fd732e2c8a424f8996939ddfa0356ca53e3d5d19b8b9183465360fb34c96a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.04798","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d739205d8d221e5b888df96673db1c9a319de94ab5d9c074fe53d521a5ccacf2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d739205d8d221e5b888df96673db1c9a319de94ab5d9c074fe53d521a5ccacf2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21.827136Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21.827136Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"saYeUGapUQI0VZXEgsavd57Jfyk5rE+Fs8l3280uZRaQMTyG/ckDQZO//Cjs80u0or45jpLRFFWGqvOLsM9zBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:05:21.827609Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.04798","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ee57424d233251857f248ac594541c4d407a38563cefe3d055a357879c4b95ed","sha256:2998f038fcdc39e65fd746fb7fd0b3907bedad6774f2137982a775e2526a6b5d"],"state_sha256":"f2dc14d56fd332bf4c9932fb5f346e92bcc92355cc2aebd7811010fb65327d96"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"w0/Y8ofVbKtQfJNIFZ+rrxGmPiARz1oA03Xw14Ay5Jf6INpmxZVL1i2AMYoJvWblRcyqvrmT6I7QlNKZ/fv+Aw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:55:21.534675Z","bundle_sha256":"0a8837a3a3c967237590fcb254bb6a5110e4d26352e903e4ac701a3d85892f2c"}}