{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ","short_pith_number":"pith:2CPVR2FK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.01875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-06-06T21:29:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"d0999f901a51b6dbd3e8f71c3f0540d5db96f1e600b27477ca7193eb8c935100","abstract_canon_sha256":"c29c3bc57655f113219ba6356d9a3f65a860599cc815f7e9cc51507d2607484f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d09f58e8aa54709e8ce93b46129a069e7f90e2483b243d0d05bd32455338f73c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1706.01875","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.01875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.01875v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.01875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2CPVR2FKKRYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2CPVR2FK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1706.01875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-06-06T21:29:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"title_canon_sha256":"d0999f901a51b6dbd3e8f71c3f0540d5db96f1e600b27477ca7193eb8c935100","abstract_canon_sha256":"c29c3bc57655f113219ba6356d9a3f65a860599cc815f7e9cc51507d2607484f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d09f58e8aa54709e8ce93b46129a069e7f90e2483b243d0d05bd32455338f73c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58.080079Z","signature_b64":"xEo6EGkA1EeLLchLUWYDlH7UhqID7wSYIB5iNPsAzBEmeDLHt/UFwbYXxi0NBanCVKtOO8yRjKlMy0o36KN7Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d09f58e8aa54709e8ce93b46129a069e7f90e2483b243d0d05bd32455338f73c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58.079598Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58.079598Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1706.01875","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"i8LwL3+3PRLi7iCn9eJVEcMhNubihSOdHX4UCalu+Hq8Y406pgTYbNy5aAiFK4AHnpxG2y5Krk7pRkfn7JuECg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T02:04:06.795198Z"},"content_sha256":"d455356ae743e8d6baeac4c7825b5acc36664262796e08db22801221b5ca610b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d455356ae743e8d6baeac4c7825b5acc36664262796e08db22801221b5ca610b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Measuring Offensive Speech in Online Political Discourse","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Brian Schaffner, Phillipa Gill, Rishab Nithyanand","submitted_at":"2017-06-06T21:29:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Internet and online forums such as Reddit have become an increasingly popular medium for citizens to engage in political conversations. However, the online disinhibition effect resulting from the ability to use pseudonymous identities may manifest in the form of offensive speech, consequently making political discussions more aggressive and polarizing than they already are. Such environments may result in harassment and self-censorship from its targets. In this paper, we present preliminary results from a large-scale temporal measurement aimed at quantifying offensiveness in online politic"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.01875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+M6AbZ+CcvgfJR3N1KssDJj7UUmNwLOqHL6JlWSlFzSpYlnM3PgLkZLUwjNF2Y+dynmD5XrfcW25Um5U8uMNCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T02:04:06.795870Z"},"content_sha256":"950916aac1eab02f8d324d6b8f872058f6da91595e05071ad3f0557aae19bfbe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:950916aac1eab02f8d324d6b8f872058f6da91595e05071ad3f0557aae19bfbe"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T02:04:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJHNDBFGQGTZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c29c3bc57655f113219ba6356d9a3f65a860599cc815f7e9cc51507d2607484f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-06-06T21:29:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"d0999f901a51b6dbd3e8f71c3f0540d5db96f1e600b27477ca7193eb8c935100"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.01875","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1706.01875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1706.01875v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1706.01875","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2CPVR2FKKRYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2CPVR2FKKRYJ5DHJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2CPVR2FK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:950916aac1eab02f8d324d6b8f872058f6da91595e05071ad3f0557aae19bfbe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Internet and online forums such as Reddit have become an increasingly popular medium for citizens to engage in political conversations. However, the online disinhibition effect resulting from the ability to use pseudonymous identities may manifest in the form of offensive speech, consequently making political discussions more aggressive and polarizing than they already are. Such environments may result in harassment and self-censorship from its targets. In this paper, we present preliminary results from a large-scale temporal measurement aimed at quantifying offensiveness in online politic","authors_text":"Brian Schaffner, Phillipa Gill, Rishab Nithyanand","cross_cats":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-06-06T21:29:23Z","title":"Measuring Offensive Speech in Online Political Discourse"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1706.01875","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d455356ae743e8d6baeac4c7825b5acc36664262796e08db22801221b5ca610b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c29c3bc57655f113219ba6356d9a3f65a860599cc815f7e9cc51507d2607484f","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CY","cs.SI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2017-06-06T21:29:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"d0999f901a51b6dbd3e8f71c3f0540d5db96f1e600b27477ca7193eb8c935100"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1706.01875","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d09f58e8aa54709e8ce93b46129a069e7f90e2483b243d0d05bd32455338f73c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d09f58e8aa54709e8ce93b46129a069e7f90e2483b243d0d05bd32455338f73c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58.079598Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58.079598Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xEo6EGkA1EeLLchLUWYDlH7UhqID7wSYIB5iNPsAzBEmeDLHt/UFwbYXxi0NBanCVKtOO8yRjKlMy0o36KN7Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:39:58.080079Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1706.01875","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d455356ae743e8d6baeac4c7825b5acc36664262796e08db22801221b5ca610b","sha256:950916aac1eab02f8d324d6b8f872058f6da91595e05071ad3f0557aae19bfbe"],"state_sha256":"00c6c1fbb4a5cdc6cb6d7ae65a876658f5444e8a0693755caef89183ff6fa4bf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YdDTPR29/dNZ/aN84xDoA/5GcF4b/MFjpZdQB62E/vpaElQVvBcBfLjSXrrlZyuoktiPxjVSonRegPUxONMLBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T02:04:06.798982Z","bundle_sha256":"c151fac4d5f571158b12b1eded3d03a7a75ed4105ee314b4415cc6187375bf18"}}