{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:2G7BWJ55WOADVCITTGJGIXT7HB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"835e5e3c864a734fc52a91099ef94c046f52daba6bf59bbb449af4d18f6c3406","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.SD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2018-05-16T10:43:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b37fe5936bd2ac1fa65f1831e557953100936dccdcee08fd1d7d15d00c23c46"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.06239","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.06239","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.06239v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.06239","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2G7BWJ55WOAD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2G7BWJ55WOADVCIT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2G7BWJ55","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b55f3b58bd82c4e7343b71eb6374ce7ea5eee1e6b724277d7911e027947dc596","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The choice of modeling units is critical to automatic speech recognition (ASR) tasks. Conventional ASR systems typically choose context-dependent states (CD-states) or context-dependent phonemes (CD-phonemes) as their modeling units. However, it has been challenged by sequence-to-sequence attention-based models, which integrate an acoustic, pronunciation and language model into a single neural network. On English ASR tasks, previous attempts have already shown that the modeling unit of graphemes can outperform that of phonemes by sequence-to-sequence attention-based model.\n  In this paper, we ","authors_text":"Bo Xu, Linhao Dong, Shiyu Zhou, Shuang Xu","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.SD"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2018-05-16T10:43:47Z","title":"A Comparison of Modeling Units in Sequence-to-Sequence Speech Recognition with the Transformer on Mandarin Chinese"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.06239","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c39c843dafa1cafe6cbed11b26e9a62fd471f874fb51b31d066d2d3f01b32831","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"835e5e3c864a734fc52a91099ef94c046f52daba6bf59bbb449af4d18f6c3406","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.SD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2018-05-16T10:43:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b37fe5936bd2ac1fa65f1831e557953100936dccdcee08fd1d7d15d00c23c46"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.06239","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"d1be1b27bdb3803a89139992645e7f38698dac0088c72ed691aa977e9ebb007f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d1be1b27bdb3803a89139992645e7f38698dac0088c72ed691aa977e9ebb007f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36.087439Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36.087439Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uYTiaHqeEA4XeWGqsoEYRQ5pB9EyLgmoBSCe9ERmn985XaFQQp53Kq8kqH1P4Yx3ASlF2WTcZd6SKCfcFt75AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:15:36.088273Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.06239","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c39c843dafa1cafe6cbed11b26e9a62fd471f874fb51b31d066d2d3f01b32831","sha256:b55f3b58bd82c4e7343b71eb6374ce7ea5eee1e6b724277d7911e027947dc596"],"state_sha256":"c4b5f2835abc6dc7159277b50a63664ad2666926a1149f7af0f8be2ed572ef8a"}