{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU","short_pith_number":"pith:2HJN4VOR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.00306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-01T10:09:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"7e08d3cece74e83ffdf3c73adfb22de79067254e39b6f727dc30823de9650d03","abstract_canon_sha256":"02432c6fb01459313374b05b16c0c021f8bce14a95e442c327173c00bcbbd094"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1d2de55d1cd170a2591d07f5048555d02972e7241a8544c2eef88ce1631d23c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.00306","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.00306","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.00306v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.00306","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2HJN4VORZULQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2HJN4VORZULQUJMR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2HJN4VOR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.00306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-01T10:09:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"7e08d3cece74e83ffdf3c73adfb22de79067254e39b6f727dc30823de9650d03","abstract_canon_sha256":"02432c6fb01459313374b05b16c0c021f8bce14a95e442c327173c00bcbbd094"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d1d2de55d1cd170a2591d07f5048555d02972e7241a8544c2eef88ce1631d23c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20.707265Z","signature_b64":"HUTYPj7Emxq3lgw+scG6dY/+4KuargnnscRVSdU6hXWo73LOtl2Qsp373kLfZQEY7XRewT0hUp+zI/9qwU8YDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d1d2de55d1cd170a2591d07f5048555d02972e7241a8544c2eef88ce1631d23c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20.706306Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20.706306Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.00306","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rRkbFX1J1Uwj/IHDdJhAQsHvf6lO1ni+IOMfiTfEy7v+4pkardwx/z8RAcEdR0flADLydi7c7H4y2GXFMdRqBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T16:32:26.617210Z"},"content_sha256":"179f75131a2c4f45f32940f27646c1a6602ab3f7398cad9b3b9e56b70313d3a3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:179f75131a2c4f45f32940f27646c1a6602ab3f7398cad9b3b9e56b70313d3a3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Christine Silberhorn, Christof Eigner, Felix vom Bruch, Frederik Thiele, Harald Herrmann, Julian Brockmeier, Maximilian Protte, Raimund Ricken, Sebastian Lengeling, Thomas Hummel, Tim J. Bartley, Victor Quiring","submitted_at":"2022-02-01T10:09:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Lithium niobate is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. In this platform we aim to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting single photon detectors and modulators. The cryogenic operation of a superconducting single photon detector dictates the optimisation of the electro-optic modulators under the same operating conditions. To that end, we characterise a phase modulator, directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The operation voltage $V_{\\pi/2}$ of these modulators increases due to the decrea"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.00306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.00306/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Jzu9MX/1uBCR4nkuE1m1XpY1d71nb+n7gNbTLKjGGE9A4tJcZTSohOlxk4FpKbQsUcd9BbZJIiahjCVxhZafCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T16:32:26.617882Z"},"content_sha256":"d77e816c8d3371f29d99569091861d31ca4690264920ecadd84679b3141a34b8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d77e816c8d3371f29d99569091861d31ca4690264920ecadd84679b3141a34b8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T16:32:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:2HJN4VORZULQUJMR2B7VASCVLU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02432c6fb01459313374b05b16c0c021f8bce14a95e442c327173c00bcbbd094","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-01T10:09:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e08d3cece74e83ffdf3c73adfb22de79067254e39b6f727dc30823de9650d03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.00306","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.00306","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.00306v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.00306","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2HJN4VORZULQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2HJN4VORZULQUJMR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2HJN4VOR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d77e816c8d3371f29d99569091861d31ca4690264920ecadd84679b3141a34b8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.00306/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Lithium niobate is a promising platform for integrated quantum optics. In this platform we aim to efficiently manipulate and detect quantum states by combining superconducting single photon detectors and modulators. The cryogenic operation of a superconducting single photon detector dictates the optimisation of the electro-optic modulators under the same operating conditions. To that end, we characterise a phase modulator, directional coupler, and polarisation converter at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. The operation voltage $V_{\\pi/2}$ of these modulators increases due to the decrea","authors_text":"Christine Silberhorn, Christof Eigner, Felix vom Bruch, Frederik Thiele, Harald Herrmann, Julian Brockmeier, Maximilian Protte, Raimund Ricken, Sebastian Lengeling, Thomas Hummel, Tim J. Bartley, Victor Quiring","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-01T10:09:51Z","title":"Cryogenic electro-optic modulation in titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.00306","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:179f75131a2c4f45f32940f27646c1a6602ab3f7398cad9b3b9e56b70313d3a3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"02432c6fb01459313374b05b16c0c021f8bce14a95e442c327173c00bcbbd094","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2022-02-01T10:09:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e08d3cece74e83ffdf3c73adfb22de79067254e39b6f727dc30823de9650d03"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.00306","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d1d2de55d1cd170a2591d07f5048555d02972e7241a8544c2eef88ce1631d23c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d1d2de55d1cd170a2591d07f5048555d02972e7241a8544c2eef88ce1631d23c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20.706306Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20.706306Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HUTYPj7Emxq3lgw+scG6dY/+4KuargnnscRVSdU6hXWo73LOtl2Qsp373kLfZQEY7XRewT0hUp+zI/9qwU8YDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:53:20.707265Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.00306","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:179f75131a2c4f45f32940f27646c1a6602ab3f7398cad9b3b9e56b70313d3a3","sha256:d77e816c8d3371f29d99569091861d31ca4690264920ecadd84679b3141a34b8"],"state_sha256":"67e67a455c0091d1fd692c534b51d4753d0344311174d7b68ffa905e9a768d15"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eiskuoS32ZwPFrPLgwkciO330vovT8xjlVRbINef7xtiyxcqfje0BdzauVZIO+ykbgHla39S0f++lR2Ddd0CBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T16:32:26.621983Z","bundle_sha256":"c998c623090fdc36f093b01416d2803a9b30956625733caf0221c6877e029d8c"}}