{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO","short_pith_number":"pith:2K2A7DYC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.00663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-01-03T09:47:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a347ab38ccd31453b4428cd4d71fa482444e4e980785965c1c2f1aa7546d844b","abstract_canon_sha256":"525221363c81d8110d32133be43b5e46befce526e4febae8a307699cef8c0a8c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d2b40f8f02d68bd3b75aefa05d64ec6b829842e624c6e7f144ab61246a6966dc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1901.00663","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.00663","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.00663v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.00663","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2K2A7DYC22F5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2K2A7DYC22F5HN22","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2K2A7DYC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1901.00663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-01-03T09:47:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a347ab38ccd31453b4428cd4d71fa482444e4e980785965c1c2f1aa7546d844b","abstract_canon_sha256":"525221363c81d8110d32133be43b5e46befce526e4febae8a307699cef8c0a8c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"d2b40f8f02d68bd3b75aefa05d64ec6b829842e624c6e7f144ab61246a6966dc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01.744690Z","signature_b64":"aLoNsTMl6Tdcs4zi2tUlj7WekS9Ay+sPdwchWFbpV8WA7aYAv9qwdAoVNA+T7AMl3Nuu47enEfCwrftRadMuCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"d2b40f8f02d68bd3b75aefa05d64ec6b829842e624c6e7f144ab61246a6966dc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01.744133Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01.744133Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1901.00663","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"60RPX4Eoavz0hc9JzgDPWKGCwmj6U3bgbvAmSJhvETzBcdYjA+2ZcVJMNRjVCKGILDM994wTQbbxIEYSlcY0Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T00:02:14.474433Z"},"content_sha256":"dd0cd69c59e3454c91ccf60780fb0bd1d4b30a38c4229c6fd6f9cebe305ca1cd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd0cd69c59e3454c91ccf60780fb0bd1d4b30a38c4229c6fd6f9cebe305ca1cd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Efficient augmentation and relaxation learning for individualized treatment rules using observational data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Bruce Sands, Eric B. Laber, Sumona Saha, Yang Ning, Ying-Qi Zhao","submitted_at":"2019-01-03T09:47:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Individualized treatment rules aim to identify if, when, which, and to whom treatment should be applied. A globally aging population, rising healthcare costs, and increased access to patient-level data have created an urgent need for high-quality estimators of individualized treatment rules that can be applied to observational data. A recent and promising line of research for estimating individualized treatment rules recasts the problem of estimating an optimal treatment rule as a weighted classification problem. We consider a class of estimators for optimal treatment rules that are analogous "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.00663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"09hieJiiv0AC/3PWcBaOymMvkdG/BIn8qGdcDVfPPZEe0rXGSiFrcVvGhnRiInpr+jdzeI2MSLfBp8gs5iGfAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T00:02:14.474784Z"},"content_sha256":"494091253f2e3199db2df5235648db55303b608ad93f5811b42103e1116f2525","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:494091253f2e3199db2df5235648db55303b608ad93f5811b42103e1116f2525"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T00:02:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:2K2A7DYC22F5HN2256QF2ZHMNO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"525221363c81d8110d32133be43b5e46befce526e4febae8a307699cef8c0a8c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-01-03T09:47:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"a347ab38ccd31453b4428cd4d71fa482444e4e980785965c1c2f1aa7546d844b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.00663","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1901.00663","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1901.00663v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1901.00663","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"2K2A7DYC22F5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"2K2A7DYC22F5HN22","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"2K2A7DYC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:494091253f2e3199db2df5235648db55303b608ad93f5811b42103e1116f2525","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Individualized treatment rules aim to identify if, when, which, and to whom treatment should be applied. A globally aging population, rising healthcare costs, and increased access to patient-level data have created an urgent need for high-quality estimators of individualized treatment rules that can be applied to observational data. A recent and promising line of research for estimating individualized treatment rules recasts the problem of estimating an optimal treatment rule as a weighted classification problem. We consider a class of estimators for optimal treatment rules that are analogous ","authors_text":"Bruce Sands, Eric B. Laber, Sumona Saha, Yang Ning, Ying-Qi Zhao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-01-03T09:47:35Z","title":"Efficient augmentation and relaxation learning for individualized treatment rules using observational data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1901.00663","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dd0cd69c59e3454c91ccf60780fb0bd1d4b30a38c4229c6fd6f9cebe305ca1cd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"525221363c81d8110d32133be43b5e46befce526e4febae8a307699cef8c0a8c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2019-01-03T09:47:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"a347ab38ccd31453b4428cd4d71fa482444e4e980785965c1c2f1aa7546d844b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1901.00663","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"d2b40f8f02d68bd3b75aefa05d64ec6b829842e624c6e7f144ab61246a6966dc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"d2b40f8f02d68bd3b75aefa05d64ec6b829842e624c6e7f144ab61246a6966dc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01.744133Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01.744133Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"aLoNsTMl6Tdcs4zi2tUlj7WekS9Ay+sPdwchWFbpV8WA7aYAv9qwdAoVNA+T7AMl3Nuu47enEfCwrftRadMuCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:01.744690Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1901.00663","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dd0cd69c59e3454c91ccf60780fb0bd1d4b30a38c4229c6fd6f9cebe305ca1cd","sha256:494091253f2e3199db2df5235648db55303b608ad93f5811b42103e1116f2525"],"state_sha256":"d1700502e6a0c07308abf5c522f784705f1796dafc1eabb9d7d3286d1988f74d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6IRxjZ3oTLWkZktagrwGQEgHlTLFD3sx6f5mKCvBtgRFwRjdEl0O22+Ss9ouWCjAwizWd2Yej9HSeetgHqXbBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T00:02:14.476885Z","bundle_sha256":"100bc94431cb625485a0f3556e6fcda7f316e115708317197ef7b76ca0f4b200"}}