{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT","short_pith_number":"pith:326NKV6D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.04812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-15T18:38:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"19dba54d2f4878577157db09ad2b18fb781858593ac4e781eb51461f90e61967","abstract_canon_sha256":"1e92cbb3bb8f21ad98b34403f04725623ad46f29d5b09552c5fad51d98ebc13b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"debcd557c3921fab1ec033a18ad2da0cf7d4186b2ccd10cc3e6fdad1193984c9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.04812","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.04812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.04812v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.04812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"326NKV6DSIP2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"326NKV6DSIP2WHWA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"326NKV6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.04812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-15T18:38:12Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"19dba54d2f4878577157db09ad2b18fb781858593ac4e781eb51461f90e61967","abstract_canon_sha256":"1e92cbb3bb8f21ad98b34403f04725623ad46f29d5b09552c5fad51d98ebc13b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"debcd557c3921fab1ec033a18ad2da0cf7d4186b2ccd10cc3e6fdad1193984c9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36.571790Z","signature_b64":"ox/D9CiDUMm9nveHLyUHrcO8SWMl6DUEzs5L5ICm+5ti2o9MvPY81aeBjPlBSAkb6eANGyz4C6yiOQrH5OX6BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"debcd557c3921fab1ec033a18ad2da0cf7d4186b2ccd10cc3e6fdad1193984c9","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36.571244Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36.571244Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1609.04812","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c/ti9PMXRBhamZ6ETF7CrHI0qL60W032YKaXSBfqfxRbPItQSNjdJ063groLa7BSa1IYs/XErjwhCDhvxA8YAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:13:32.474765Z"},"content_sha256":"3d29cca75b463f98100b2211f0abb53f32d87feccf7dc1a4b384a76740008746","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3d29cca75b463f98100b2211f0abb53f32d87feccf7dc1a4b384a76740008746"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Equivalent Theories Redefine Hamiltonian Observables to Exhibit Change in General Relativity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"J. Brian Pitts","submitted_at":"2016-09-15T18:38:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"Change and local spatial variation are missing in canonical General Relativity's observables as usually defined, part of the problem of time. Definitions can be tested using equivalent formulations, non-gauge and gauge, because they must have equivalent observables and everything is observable in the non-gauge formulation. Taking an observable from the non-gauge formulation and finding the equivalent in the gauge formulation, one requires that the equivalent be an observable, constraining definitions. For massive photons, the de Broglie-Proca non-gauge formulation observable A_{\\mu} is equival"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.04812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"b4QFg5jDLQgrd2Xfkg+AzApcHRfSvyeCTXyx4F9Wp2ROISDqVjRUwinBpKvpOfEgqtWRfKPo4+Ab46Nz95OqBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:13:32.475118Z"},"content_sha256":"5f13fc72772300924c4e2ba505eeb2c5c12d36525cce712e5f7ca62bff8dbbe8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5f13fc72772300924c4e2ba505eeb2c5c12d36525cce712e5f7ca62bff8dbbe8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-08T22:13:32Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:326NKV6DSIP2WHWAGOQYVUW2BT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1e92cbb3bb8f21ad98b34403f04725623ad46f29d5b09552c5fad51d98ebc13b","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-15T18:38:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"19dba54d2f4878577157db09ad2b18fb781858593ac4e781eb51461f90e61967"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.04812","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.04812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.04812v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.04812","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"326NKV6DSIP2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"326NKV6DSIP2WHWA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"326NKV6D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:55Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5f13fc72772300924c4e2ba505eeb2c5c12d36525cce712e5f7ca62bff8dbbe8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Change and local spatial variation are missing in canonical General Relativity's observables as usually defined, part of the problem of time. Definitions can be tested using equivalent formulations, non-gauge and gauge, because they must have equivalent observables and everything is observable in the non-gauge formulation. Taking an observable from the non-gauge formulation and finding the equivalent in the gauge formulation, one requires that the equivalent be an observable, constraining definitions. For massive photons, the de Broglie-Proca non-gauge formulation observable A_{\\mu} is equival","authors_text":"J. Brian Pitts","cross_cats":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-15T18:38:12Z","title":"Equivalent Theories Redefine Hamiltonian Observables to Exhibit Change in General Relativity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.04812","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3d29cca75b463f98100b2211f0abb53f32d87feccf7dc1a4b384a76740008746","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1e92cbb3bb8f21ad98b34403f04725623ad46f29d5b09552c5fad51d98ebc13b","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-th","physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2016-09-15T18:38:12Z","title_canon_sha256":"19dba54d2f4878577157db09ad2b18fb781858593ac4e781eb51461f90e61967"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.04812","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"debcd557c3921fab1ec033a18ad2da0cf7d4186b2ccd10cc3e6fdad1193984c9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"debcd557c3921fab1ec033a18ad2da0cf7d4186b2ccd10cc3e6fdad1193984c9","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36.571244Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36.571244Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ox/D9CiDUMm9nveHLyUHrcO8SWMl6DUEzs5L5ICm+5ti2o9MvPY81aeBjPlBSAkb6eANGyz4C6yiOQrH5OX6BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:36.571790Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1609.04812","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3d29cca75b463f98100b2211f0abb53f32d87feccf7dc1a4b384a76740008746","sha256:5f13fc72772300924c4e2ba505eeb2c5c12d36525cce712e5f7ca62bff8dbbe8"],"state_sha256":"6ae2d4a6c19e8b5e1d2dec5cf93aece17c1e81d1f5d14bc40acc7949d1bbe31a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OQpgs+mBsrP8u0IXlcXy6b8RMErFC0Z2IrJh3FUMqoptIdAC9hLfJopav6ySMmvtN9bw7iocFFJlLDHGNy7/Ag==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-08T22:13:32.477043Z","bundle_sha256":"3aac4fe491e64a0095b5b56c5291641e1ad68999b90f4c4363c04b5f87e2e13b"}}