{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ","short_pith_number":"pith:32VNHOH3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.15147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T12:19:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"6c4bd29ad475a2aa3af2646f69287f026b72643881ece4f3ce0ad38b88f79ca6","abstract_canon_sha256":"80d5041fb47233ce9ffa4e4a317bd635791211c8f9eecbe57a8ad689af74f3ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"deaad3b8fbc5f5d4b81457eecfd6250e7a98a2185543ee5584adeb0861854506","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2105.15147","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.15147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.15147v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.15147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"32VNHOH3YX25","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"32VNHOH3YX25JOAU","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"32VNHOH3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2105.15147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T12:19:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"6c4bd29ad475a2aa3af2646f69287f026b72643881ece4f3ce0ad38b88f79ca6","abstract_canon_sha256":"80d5041fb47233ce9ffa4e4a317bd635791211c8f9eecbe57a8ad689af74f3ca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"deaad3b8fbc5f5d4b81457eecfd6250e7a98a2185543ee5584adeb0861854506","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45.400874Z","signature_b64":"06Zm/mraF7guuPUOUz78cj7n/eNpWWHWVqiwDPHaArLAaCM8egZuA+PiolKY0O9704q01+AjAqIBJNjtVJH6Dg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"deaad3b8fbc5f5d4b81457eecfd6250e7a98a2185543ee5584adeb0861854506","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45.400463Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45.400463Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2105.15147","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SmiSkesHdwCkDJs65ebN0wWBQrRjOr8hbujSFMob1ETpTW+obrpBgOeOj+mbiLzhLhWnh3S9wFzfOvt7kmQSBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T18:39:37.807666Z"},"content_sha256":"47026082f9f4df89efa28d8b8295a321273446869c2585539831dc7d8af6d8dc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:47026082f9f4df89efa28d8b8295a321273446869c2585539831dc7d8af6d8dc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Comparing Two Different Approaches in Big Data and Business Analysis for Churn Prediction with the Focus on How Apache Spark Employed","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Mohammad Sina Kiarostami","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T12:19:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Due to the significant importance of Big Data analysis, especially in business-related topics such as improving services, finding potential customers, and selecting practical approaches to manage income and expenses, many companies attempt to collaborate with scientists to find how, why, and what they should analysis. In this work, we would like to compare and discuss two different approaches that employed in business analysis topic in Big Data with more consideration on how they utilized Spark. Both studies have investigated Churn Prediction as their case study for their proposed approaches s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.15147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2105.15147/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uMPTNZeEjvYfLF7djLjhofK6E0qeB4msbGjk0o5aNqXLJUecH1EyUUhmwvzHF5agEhkd1SYIh4MeSkmRVkKdCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T18:39:37.808161Z"},"content_sha256":"8ad507325dac63d8956dc4563f1f8806a3ceaca6c9da4692744d31a6107d96e9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8ad507325dac63d8956dc4563f1f8806a3ceaca6c9da4692744d31a6107d96e9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T18:39:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:32VNHOH3YX25JOAUK7XM7VRFBZ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80d5041fb47233ce9ffa4e4a317bd635791211c8f9eecbe57a8ad689af74f3ca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T12:19:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c4bd29ad475a2aa3af2646f69287f026b72643881ece4f3ce0ad38b88f79ca6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.15147","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.15147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.15147v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.15147","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"32VNHOH3YX25","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"32VNHOH3YX25JOAU","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"32VNHOH3","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8ad507325dac63d8956dc4563f1f8806a3ceaca6c9da4692744d31a6107d96e9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.15147/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Due to the significant importance of Big Data analysis, especially in business-related topics such as improving services, finding potential customers, and selecting practical approaches to manage income and expenses, many companies attempt to collaborate with scientists to find how, why, and what they should analysis. In this work, we would like to compare and discuss two different approaches that employed in business analysis topic in Big Data with more consideration on how they utilized Spark. Both studies have investigated Churn Prediction as their case study for their proposed approaches s","authors_text":"Mohammad Sina Kiarostami","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T12:19:30Z","title":"Comparing Two Different Approaches in Big Data and Business Analysis for Churn Prediction with the Focus on How Apache Spark Employed"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.15147","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:47026082f9f4df89efa28d8b8295a321273446869c2585539831dc7d8af6d8dc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"80d5041fb47233ce9ffa4e4a317bd635791211c8f9eecbe57a8ad689af74f3ca","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T12:19:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c4bd29ad475a2aa3af2646f69287f026b72643881ece4f3ce0ad38b88f79ca6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.15147","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"deaad3b8fbc5f5d4b81457eecfd6250e7a98a2185543ee5584adeb0861854506","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"deaad3b8fbc5f5d4b81457eecfd6250e7a98a2185543ee5584adeb0861854506","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45.400463Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45.400463Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"06Zm/mraF7guuPUOUz78cj7n/eNpWWHWVqiwDPHaArLAaCM8egZuA+PiolKY0O9704q01+AjAqIBJNjtVJH6Dg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:45.400874Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.15147","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:47026082f9f4df89efa28d8b8295a321273446869c2585539831dc7d8af6d8dc","sha256:8ad507325dac63d8956dc4563f1f8806a3ceaca6c9da4692744d31a6107d96e9"],"state_sha256":"0848ae0c35e541e5d65a7475eab367a484b2783c83674bdfb0834774ceabb4cf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UcD8pg7hCV0jsS47520jKFuF1KghsJECsEbJxRQC3QrwFPcOvOXnru3svpSrEs2/hVXyos5yKPCuIGDMoJ1jBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T18:39:37.811521Z","bundle_sha256":"ba6945d63d2be31abf09df23a300503cb34f33ea65989eea41f0019d14c01fb4"}}