{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5","short_pith_number":"pith:3L4T6NUA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.06993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-11-13T16:13:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d7bff0befcc67430bf4fcaebecfda251a591ad373da8c0794fc162d718961e71","abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea514877640973408c7a80bc30fd3817a1c36095f6e13556d1217ccd1eb4487"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"daf93f3680bc62c4ced67d9da1ea493f59dc77928c931545c461c6cf69c5e5f2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.06993","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.06993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.06993v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.06993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3L4T6NUAXRRM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3L4T6NUA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.06993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-11-13T16:13:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d7bff0befcc67430bf4fcaebecfda251a591ad373da8c0794fc162d718961e71","abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea514877640973408c7a80bc30fd3817a1c36095f6e13556d1217ccd1eb4487"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"daf93f3680bc62c4ced67d9da1ea493f59dc77928c931545c461c6cf69c5e5f2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09.434978Z","signature_b64":"DDl3vhD+kNOK+apg/Ba2IULz6izRFYU9DSKo9cA6d1qH8A6zzecDxZ3735hJQ9g/kCHghwfOaQW5NlFAezL9BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"daf93f3680bc62c4ced67d9da1ea493f59dc77928c931545c461c6cf69c5e5f2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09.434516Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09.434516Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.06993","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0F7Wt1OWo4AERWRxKvHaRVBZqv3c0zgXgp8ETK+UICum1pUHD7Rs8qeSFq8EBXGkAmI1F8+NjyABAB8xa1ONBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:47:01.271983Z"},"content_sha256":"73ba5ba7b36bc11052ec2a93c578a4ad2c3347a38d303618924d2010db0ffc91","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:73ba5ba7b36bc11052ec2a93c578a4ad2c3347a38d303618924d2010db0ffc91"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"FLERT: Document-Level Features for Named Entity Recognition","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Alan Akbik, Stefan Schweter","submitted_at":"2020-11-13T16:13:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"Current state-of-the-art approaches for named entity recognition (NER) typically consider text at the sentence-level and thus do not model information that crosses sentence boundaries. However, the use of transformer-based models for NER offers natural options for capturing document-level features. In this paper, we perform a comparative evaluation of document-level features in the two standard NER architectures commonly considered in the literature, namely \"fine-tuning\" and \"feature-based LSTM-CRF\". We evaluate different hyperparameters for document-level features such as context window size "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.06993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.06993/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iHdPibqq4OQlhtFSVTwknUfF92Vi5TxVEGCVSA3SgezyUZJL/tkvzdj8ir41IdJ4jCMe2/COgLuELUzujxwvDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:47:01.272361Z"},"content_sha256":"a20a9f3d9c10b76c2185e46ca6e22c22253782b4e67db32ce7143159e9d97dd5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a20a9f3d9c10b76c2185e46ca6e22c22253782b4e67db32ce7143159e9d97dd5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T15:47:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWWPWO2D2SJH5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea514877640973408c7a80bc30fd3817a1c36095f6e13556d1217ccd1eb4487","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-11-13T16:13:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"d7bff0befcc67430bf4fcaebecfda251a591ad373da8c0794fc162d718961e71"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.06993","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.06993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.06993v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.06993","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3L4T6NUAXRRM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3L4T6NUAXRRMJTWW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3L4T6NUA","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a20a9f3d9c10b76c2185e46ca6e22c22253782b4e67db32ce7143159e9d97dd5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.06993/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Current state-of-the-art approaches for named entity recognition (NER) typically consider text at the sentence-level and thus do not model information that crosses sentence boundaries. However, the use of transformer-based models for NER offers natural options for capturing document-level features. In this paper, we perform a comparative evaluation of document-level features in the two standard NER architectures commonly considered in the literature, namely \"fine-tuning\" and \"feature-based LSTM-CRF\". We evaluate different hyperparameters for document-level features such as context window size ","authors_text":"Alan Akbik, Stefan Schweter","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-11-13T16:13:59Z","title":"FLERT: Document-Level Features for Named Entity Recognition"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.06993","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:73ba5ba7b36bc11052ec2a93c578a4ad2c3347a38d303618924d2010db0ffc91","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3ea514877640973408c7a80bc30fd3817a1c36095f6e13556d1217ccd1eb4487","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-11-13T16:13:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"d7bff0befcc67430bf4fcaebecfda251a591ad373da8c0794fc162d718961e71"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.06993","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"daf93f3680bc62c4ced67d9da1ea493f59dc77928c931545c461c6cf69c5e5f2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"daf93f3680bc62c4ced67d9da1ea493f59dc77928c931545c461c6cf69c5e5f2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09.434516Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09.434516Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DDl3vhD+kNOK+apg/Ba2IULz6izRFYU9DSKo9cA6d1qH8A6zzecDxZ3735hJQ9g/kCHghwfOaQW5NlFAezL9BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:40:09.434978Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.06993","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:73ba5ba7b36bc11052ec2a93c578a4ad2c3347a38d303618924d2010db0ffc91","sha256:a20a9f3d9c10b76c2185e46ca6e22c22253782b4e67db32ce7143159e9d97dd5"],"state_sha256":"d8c51f135ed5679bfc997caf037b122e532fb81094fc7894d2ac1b6170d37c80"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2UzhEBNWhsh/HXr3WsDiV9YPu2D683clBWud0v8XVapFJX/9cTsWwjmwbqTC2WtxuxkaNaxyRS5L68dDsXSKAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T15:47:01.274245Z","bundle_sha256":"2d5e8b07012c929d843a830f34080673698f7a1e6aaf7dc6e48ee1c46d1a5395"}}