{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK","short_pith_number":"pith:3UQYEWSL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.00758","kind":"arxiv","version":11},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.OT","submitted_at":"2021-05-24T13:01:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b9ea7e547148d93743ca2e9738c82af080fbecfa74e6f67222d2d45d2edb6fce","abstract_canon_sha256":"37c7067a7027284f8d218e3448bab8292bb0193f39aff01f80cd33d86232e20e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd21825a4bb456abaaab97e3e5c5442a84cf850c49b24d19e43bd800a7afba49","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2106.00758","version":11},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.00758","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.00758v11","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.00758","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3UQYEWSLWRLK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3UQYEWSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2106.00758","kind":"arxiv","version":11},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.OT","submitted_at":"2021-05-24T13:01:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b9ea7e547148d93743ca2e9738c82af080fbecfa74e6f67222d2d45d2edb6fce","abstract_canon_sha256":"37c7067a7027284f8d218e3448bab8292bb0193f39aff01f80cd33d86232e20e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"dd21825a4bb456abaaab97e3e5c5442a84cf850c49b24d19e43bd800a7afba49","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31.285505Z","signature_b64":"MZPEz5HVpgk1gsu6Nr/Kn+xmeYNXRU92Zt5iFmkX9rq/WDB1HYQS/4VxWPirvgfZWNPigaKlWwoYRFCCuF2kBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"dd21825a4bb456abaaab97e3e5c5442a84cf850c49b24d19e43bd800a7afba49","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31.285084Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31.285084Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2106.00758","source_version":11,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nDDyFhbGpwlXSCbp3qazeV2WUKuxv/YrYkIjcm1Zq04TtoMMHgL2y1VPlDNxX7WMIoZvI9IKr2rAVTV4Cw0vAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:32:53.159338Z"},"content_sha256":"5a18d57ef3c376612108f74f83cff395b72f105468d3f474fc03542d0ca8abec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a18d57ef3c376612108f74f83cff395b72f105468d3f474fc03542d0ca8abec"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Statistical issues in Serial Killer Nurse cases","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.OT","authors_text":"David Lagnado, Norman Fenton, Richard D. Gill","submitted_at":"2021-05-24T13:01:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study statistical aspects of the case of the British nurse Ben Geen, convicted of 2 counts of murder and 15 of grievous bodily harm following events at Horton General Hospital (in the town of Banbury, Oxfordshire, UK) during December 2013-February 2014. We draw attention to parallels with the cases of nurses Lucia de Berk (the Netherlands) and Daniela Poggiali (Italy), in both of which an initial conviction for multiple murders of patients was overturned after reopening of the case. We pay most attention to the investigative processes by which data, and not just statistical data, is generat"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.00758","kind":"arxiv","version":11},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2106.00758/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bfACgl5qe+5pCdCgHLUM0KPPhfdMJg2/wlpLjtESIXueuSnEnkCSyg75uqAX3rtDT5DLlvKn+j5smwZmDDZnCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:32:53.160053Z"},"content_sha256":"e9831c6b1eca36511ee5094a6c9e0023ebb1f0cd6a4d4d58bec2bdc5d1c5306f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9831c6b1eca36511ee5094a6c9e0023ebb1f0cd6a4d4d58bec2bdc5d1c5306f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T07:32:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVLS7R6LRKEFK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"37c7067a7027284f8d218e3448bab8292bb0193f39aff01f80cd33d86232e20e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.OT","submitted_at":"2021-05-24T13:01:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"b9ea7e547148d93743ca2e9738c82af080fbecfa74e6f67222d2d45d2edb6fce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.00758","kind":"arxiv","version":11}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2106.00758","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2106.00758v11","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2106.00758","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"3UQYEWSLWRLK","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"3UQYEWSLWRLKXKVL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"3UQYEWSL","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e9831c6b1eca36511ee5094a6c9e0023ebb1f0cd6a4d4d58bec2bdc5d1c5306f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2106.00758/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study statistical aspects of the case of the British nurse Ben Geen, convicted of 2 counts of murder and 15 of grievous bodily harm following events at Horton General Hospital (in the town of Banbury, Oxfordshire, UK) during December 2013-February 2014. We draw attention to parallels with the cases of nurses Lucia de Berk (the Netherlands) and Daniela Poggiali (Italy), in both of which an initial conviction for multiple murders of patients was overturned after reopening of the case. We pay most attention to the investigative processes by which data, and not just statistical data, is generat","authors_text":"David Lagnado, Norman Fenton, Richard D. Gill","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.OT","submitted_at":"2021-05-24T13:01:41Z","title":"Statistical issues in Serial Killer Nurse cases"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2106.00758","kind":"arxiv","version":11},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5a18d57ef3c376612108f74f83cff395b72f105468d3f474fc03542d0ca8abec","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"37c7067a7027284f8d218e3448bab8292bb0193f39aff01f80cd33d86232e20e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.OT","submitted_at":"2021-05-24T13:01:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"b9ea7e547148d93743ca2e9738c82af080fbecfa74e6f67222d2d45d2edb6fce"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2106.00758","kind":"arxiv","version":11}},"canonical_sha256":"dd21825a4bb456abaaab97e3e5c5442a84cf850c49b24d19e43bd800a7afba49","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"dd21825a4bb456abaaab97e3e5c5442a84cf850c49b24d19e43bd800a7afba49","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31.285084Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31.285084Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MZPEz5HVpgk1gsu6Nr/Kn+xmeYNXRU92Zt5iFmkX9rq/WDB1HYQS/4VxWPirvgfZWNPigaKlWwoYRFCCuF2kBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:50:31.285505Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2106.00758","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":11}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5a18d57ef3c376612108f74f83cff395b72f105468d3f474fc03542d0ca8abec","sha256:e9831c6b1eca36511ee5094a6c9e0023ebb1f0cd6a4d4d58bec2bdc5d1c5306f"],"state_sha256":"88294b6c7962e0da49b69b6efda3f03e0d5a7f2dd70ee85643076ccf7d11ff28"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T4JGeEpihiDlRJEnlz9fgKZruLz203rxCbWSlCrVfmJGaQVg4nKIMLloqDNhSfbEZ7In/jzfbL5SPgbpX3DhAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T07:32:53.163915Z","bundle_sha256":"e7d8b7ceafa8d67c02db4032373e8933b84e1e9330b3519aa5d97fa5c8fab8a1"}}