{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:425TOPCKOS6WDNP25QGFR2JT5G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e2f1840009d80f78015dbe627e67c467df9392228ddd110fef9b9a1799e8b5a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T14:08:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e56f021165dc3fde0cfa3de2adac0e9451cf48a6971d881c27cc0b7c2aa53f8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.13852","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2105.13852","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2105.13852v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2105.13852","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"425TOPCKOS6W","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"425TOPCKOS6WDNP2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"425TOPCK","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fe9457d4ce20c4058b0276974ae8311c3f20c6a8a0f4fdf42fffa70dc5c62e94","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2105.13852/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent millimeter and infrared observations have shown that gap and ring-like structures are common in both dust thermal emission and scattered-light of protoplanetary disks. We investigate the impact of the so-called Thermal Wave Instability (TWI) on the millimeter and infrared scattered-light images of disks. We perform 1+1D simulations of the TWI and confirm that the TWI operates when the disk is optically thick enough for stellar light, i.e., small-grain-to-gas mass ratio of $\\gtrsim0.0001$. The mid-plane temperature varies as the waves propagate and hence gap and ring structures can be se","authors_text":"Mario Flock, Takahiro Ueda, Tilman Birnstiel","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T14:08:07Z","title":"Thermal Wave Instability as an Origin of Gap and Ring Structures in Protoplanetary Disks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2105.13852","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4be16387a61cd21c7129eb5f661ee75291f4b28c905497cbe8235e69cd6dc326","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e2f1840009d80f78015dbe627e67c467df9392228ddd110fef9b9a1799e8b5a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-05-28T14:08:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"7e56f021165dc3fde0cfa3de2adac0e9451cf48a6971d881c27cc0b7c2aa53f8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2105.13852","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e6bb373c4a74bd61b5faec0c58e933e9b940f101bdb2d6e2ade66002753ab10b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6bb373c4a74bd61b5faec0c58e933e9b940f101bdb2d6e2ade66002753ab10b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45.874090Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45.874090Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uBrXoHHV/KE9VN9pWARsT3U1cHoUw7wmeo/cyc9GXGjSj2+2RAuG7n9F2kaK63LGZbXS2tSe01vxHABBxYOkDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:53:45.874630Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2105.13852","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4be16387a61cd21c7129eb5f661ee75291f4b28c905497cbe8235e69cd6dc326","sha256:fe9457d4ce20c4058b0276974ae8311c3f20c6a8a0f4fdf42fffa70dc5c62e94"],"state_sha256":"ffea9a0f3f2e6adba435e0d9580643955a071b037b17e9bc5b0ae51816d62010"}